Meal and Beta-Alanine Coingestion Enhances Muscle Carnosine Loading

Stegen, Sanne; Blancquaert, Laura; Everaert, Inge; Bex, Tine; Taes, Youri; Calders, Patrick; Achten, Eric; Derave, Wim

doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31828ab073

Cited by 54 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A recent study from Stegen et al (2013) showed that carnosine loading (3.2 g/day for 6--15 7 weeks) was more pronounced when beta--alanine was consumed together with a meal (64% 16 increase in carnosine) than between meals (41% increase in carnosine). Another possible reason for 17 the large increases could be that endurance--trained athletes have lower baseline muscle carnosine 18 concentrations (Baguet, Everaert, Hespel, et al, 2011).as a given absolute increase in carnosine 19 concentration will evidently equate to a larger relative increase with a low baseline value.…”

Section: Discussion 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

Doubling of Muscle Carnosine Concentration Does Not Improve Laboratory 1-Hr Cycling Time-Trial Performance

Chung¹,

Baguet²,

Bex³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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1Muscle carnosine loading through chronic oral beta--alanine supplementation has been shown to be 2 effective for short--duration, high--intensity exercise. This randomised, placebo controlled study 3 explored whether the ergogenic effect of beta--alanine supplementation is also present for longer 4 duration exercise. Subjects (27 well--trained cyclists/triathletes) were supplemented with either 5 beta--alanine or placebo (6.4 g/day) for six weeks. Time to completion and physiological variables for 6 a 1--h cycling time--trial were compared between pre--and post--supplementation. Muscle carnosine 7 concentration was also assessed via proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after 8 supplementation. Following beta--alanine supplementation, muscle carnosine concentration was 9 increased by 143 ± 151% (mean ± SD; p < 0.001) in the gastrocnemius and 161 ± 56% (p < 0.001) in 10 the soleus. Post--supplementation time trial performance was significantly slower in the placebo 11 group (60.6 ± 4.4 to 63.0 ± 5.4 min; p < 0.01) and trended towards a slower performance following 12 beta--alanine supplementation (59.8 ± 2.8 to 61.7 ± 3.0 min; p = 0.069). We found an increase in 13 lactate/proton concentration ratio following beta--alanine supplementation during the time--trial 14 (209.0 ± 44.0 (beta--alanine) vs. 161.9 ± 54.4 (placebo); p < 0.05), indicating that a similar lactate 15 concentration was accompanied by a lower degree of systemic acidosis, even though this acidosis 16 was quite moderate (pH ranging from 7.30--7.40). In conclusion, chronic beta--alanine 17 supplementation in well--trained cyclists had a very pronounced effect on muscle carnosine 18 concentration and a moderate attenuating effect on the acidosis associated with lactate 19accumulation, yet without affecting 1--h time--trial performance under laboratory conditions. 20

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Section: Discussion 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

Doubling of Muscle Carnosine Concentration Does Not Improve Laboratory 1-Hr Cycling Time-Trial Performance

Chung¹,

Baguet²,

Bex³

et al. 2014

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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“…For example, it seems that the largest gains in MCarn are attained in the earlier phases of supplementation (see Figure 4). It would be of interest to identify if strategies such as meal co-ingestion [33], intake in proximity to training [39] or intake in slow-release capsules [35] can influence the early response to supplementation [14] and whether this, in turn, meaningfully impacts exercise performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Skeletal Muscle has Large Capacity to Increase Carnosine Content in Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation. A Systematic Review with Bayesian Individual and Aggregate Data E-Max Model and Meta-Analysis

Rezende

Swinton

Oliveira

et al. 2019

Preprint

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34Beta-alanine (BA) supplementation increases muscle carnosine content (MCarn), and is ergogenic in many situations. Currently, many questions on the 35 nature of the Mcarn response to supplementation are open, and the response to these has considerable potential to enhance the efficacy and applications 36 of this supplementation strategy. Objective: To conduct a Bayesian analysis of available data on the Mcarn response to BA supplementation. Methods: A 37 systematic review with meta-analysis of individual and published aggregate data using a dose response (Emax) model was conducted. The protocol was 38 designed according to PRISMA guidelines. A three-step screening strategy was undertaken to identify studies that measured the Mcarn response to BA 39 supplementation. In addition, individual data from 5 separate studies conducted in the authors' laboratory were analysed. Data were extracted from all 40 controlled and uncontrolled supplementation studies conducted on healthy humans. Meta-regression was used to consider the influence of potential 41 moderators (including dose, sex, age, baseline Mcarn and analysis method used) on the primary outcome. Results and Conclusion: The Emax model 42 indicated that human skeletal muscle has large capacity for non-linear Mcarn accumulation, and that commonly used BA supplementation protocols may 43 not come close to saturating muscle carnosine content. Neither baseline values, nor sex, appear to influence subsequent response to supplementation. 44 Analysis of individual data indicated that Mcarn is relatively stable in the absence of intervention, and effectually all participants respond to BA 45 supplementation (99.3% response [95%CrI: 96.2 -100]).46 47

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“…Esto justifica que se estudie si la suplementación con β-alanina puede mejorar los niveles de carnosina y, con ello, el control de la acidosis inducida por el ejercicio. De hecho, algunos estudios han observado que esta suplementación puede incrementar hasta un 40-80% los niveles de carnosina (44)(45)(46), aunque la variabilidad interindividual es muy grande, y depende de la absorción de cada individuo, del peso, o de su masa magra, siendo la retención mayor a mayor masa muscular (42). Resulta intrigante que solo un 2,5 % de la β-alanina contribuya a la producción de carnosina, eliminándose un 1-2 % de la ingesta en orina, por lo que no se sabe qué ocurre con aproximadamente el 95 % de la β-alanina consumida (47).…”

Section: β-Alaninaunclassified

Ayudas ergogénicas en el deporte

Moriones¹,

Santos²

2017

Nutr Hosp

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Introduction: Very few nutritional supplements have scientifi cally demonstrated their effectiveness as an ergogenic aid. This review will examine creatine monohydrate (MC), the β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB), sodium bicarbonate (BS), the β-alanine and caffeine. Objectives: To analyze the effi cacy, mechanisms of action, dose, side effects and some sports that can benefi t from their consumption. Methods: Searching in PubMed bibliographic database reviews from the last 15 years and original articles from the last 5 years of the studied substances. Results: Doses of 20 mg/day for 4-7 days are effective in improving strength and muscular power and performance in short and repeated sprints. HMB at doses of 3 g/day for at least 2 weeks contributes to increased lean mass and fat-free mass. The intake of 0.3 g/kg of BS improves performance on tests of 400-1,500 meters in athletics and intermittent sprints. Meanwhile, doses of 80 mg/kg/day of β-alanine for 4-10 weeks may improve performance in high-intensity intermittent exercise. Finally, caffeine at doses of 2 mg/kg improves responsiveness and 3-6 mg/kg improves performance in endurance tests. Conclusions: The revised supplements have shown their effi cacy in physical performance, but it is needed to keep in mind that most studies have been conducted with recreational-level athletes. Generally, the better the individual´s fi tness level is the less improvement in physical performance the supplement shows. However, an increase of only 1% may sometimes allow the athlete to advance several positions in a fi nal. Finally, we should draw attention to the importance of optimizing nutrition before considering the introduction of sports supplements, especially in children and youth. All analyzed substances have scientifi c basis supporting its ergogenic effect. All of them can be found in the market with Certifi cate of Quality and Purity.

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Meal and Beta-Alanine Coingestion Enhances Muscle Carnosine Loading

Cited by 54 publications

References 27 publications

Doubling of Muscle Carnosine Concentration Does Not Improve Laboratory 1-Hr Cycling Time-Trial Performance

Doubling of Muscle Carnosine Concentration Does Not Improve Laboratory 1-Hr Cycling Time-Trial Performance

Human Skeletal Muscle has Large Capacity to Increase Carnosine Content in Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation. A Systematic Review with Bayesian Individual and Aggregate Data E-Max Model and Meta-Analysis

Ayudas ergogénicas en el deporte

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