Meal patterns of macronutrient intake in rats with particular dietary preferences

Shor‐Posner, Gail; Brennan, Glen; Ian, Christopher; Jasaitis, R.; Madhu, K.M.; Leibowitz, Sarah F.

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1994.266.4.r1395

Cited by 30 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…In seeking to identify subtle disturbances in outbred strains before their exhibiting an obese pattern, investigators have taken advantage of the fact that subjects within these populations show considerable variability in their behavioral phenotype and propensity toward obesity. For example, in adult SpragueDawley rats on pure macronutrient or fat-rich diets, measures of weight gain, energy intake or fat preference are found to vary considerably in direct proportion to ultimate body fat accrual, [1][2][3][4][5] with the weight-gain measure providing the basis for selective breeding of rats prone vs resistant to obesity. 6,7 This variability has enabled investigators to identify measures in adult rats, at normal body weight, that can accurately and reproducibly differentiate distinct subgroups that are obesity-prone (OP) or obesity-resistant (OR).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight gain model in prepubertal rats: prediction and phenotyping of obesity-prone animals at normal body weight

et al. 2007

Int J Obes

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Objective: Male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained from birth on a high-fat diet were examined to determine whether a specific measure before puberty can identify and allow one to characterize prepubertal rats at normal weight with high vs low risk for adult obesity. Materials and methods: Measures from weaning (day 21) to around puberty (day 45) were taken of weight gain, absolute body weight and daily energy intake on a high-fat diet and related to the amount of body fat accumulated at maturity (80-100 days of age). Rats identified by a specific prepubertal measure as obesity-prone (OP) vs obesity-resistant (OR) were then characterized before and after puberty. Results: Prepubertal weight gain from days 30 to 35 of age was the strongest and earliest positive correlate of ultimate body fat accrual in adult rats. The highest (8-10 g/day) compared to lowest (5-7 g/day) weight-gain scores identified accurately and reproducibly distinct OP and OR subgroups at day 35 that became obese or remained lean, respectively, as adults. The OP rats with rapid prepubertal weight gain and 50% greater adiposity at maturity (day 100) exhibited the expected phenotype of already-obese rats. These included elevated levels of leptin, insulin, triglycerides and glucose, increased galanin (GAL) peptide levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and reduced neuropeptide Y (NPY) levels in the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Before puberty (day 35), the OP rats with normal fat pad weights, energy intake and endocrine profile similar to OR rats exhibited these disturbances characteristic of obese rats. They had decreased capacity for fat oxidation in muscle, increased GAL expression in PVN and reduced expression of NPY and agouti-related protein in ARC. Conclusion: Prepubertal weight gain can identify OP rats on day 35 when they have minimal body fat but exhibit specific metabolic and neurochemical disturbances expected to promote obesity and characteristics of already-obese adult rats.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight gain model in prepubertal rats: prediction and phenotyping of obesity-prone animals at normal body weight

et al. 2007

Int J Obes

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“…It has been reported that baseline macronutrient preferences are an important consideration in studies examining the effects of pharmacological or physiological treatments on macronutrient selection (3,13,24,25). The present study was designed to qualify the neuromodulatory effects of GAL and 5 -HT on macronutrient intake in self-selecting rats with macronutrient preferences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The present study was designed to qualify the neuromodulatory effects of GAL and 5 -HT on macronutrient intake in self-selecting rats with macronutrient preferences. There have been a few studies that mention regulation of macronutrient selection or that took macronutrient preferences into account (14,24,26). It has been reported that rats show variation in preferences for specific macronutrients when carbohydrate, protein and fat are offered simultaneously (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic regulation of galanin-induced selective macronutrient intake in self-selecting rats

Tanaka

Kido

2008

J. Med. Invest.

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: We investigated macronutrient intake after intraventricular injection of galanin (GAL, 3 nmol/5 μl/rat) and/or serotonin (5-HT, 50 nmol/5 μl/rat) in self-selecting fasted rats with preferences for either carbohydrates or fats. GAL injection significantly increased carbohydrate and total intake in all rats irrespective of macronutrient preference, whereas 5-HT alone did not affect macronutrient intake. The GAL-induced increase in total intake decreased to the level of saline controls when GAL was coinjected with 5-HT. The ratio of kilocalories of carbohydrates, fats and proteins (macronutrient energy ratio) after injections of GAL and/or 5-HT was similar to the saline control. In carbohydrate-preferring rats, GAL increased carbohydrate, protein and fat intake as well as total intake. Coinjection of GAL and 5-HT tended to decrease carbohydrate intake, but increase protein and fat intake. The macronutrient energy ratio after injection of GAL did not change, but the carbohydrate energy ratio decreased after 5-HT was injected, with or without GAL. In contrast, in fat-preferring rats, GAL significantly increased carbohydrate intake. Injection of 5-HT with or without GAL did not change total macronutrient intake. The macronutrient energy ratio did not change after GAL injection with or without 5-HT. These differences suggest that macronutrient preferences should be considered in any macronutrient intake study, and that serotonergic neurons play a part in the regulation of GAL-induced macronutrient intake.

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“…In addition, the first meal of the feeding cycle has been identified as being the most distinctive in reflecting the individual dietary preferences, that is, rats' mostly consumed the specifie nutrient that was generally preferred over the 24 h cycle during their firs! meal (Shor-Posner et al 1994). Carbohydrate-preferrers consumed fewer total calories and relatively smaller, more frequent meals, compared with rats that preferred protein or fat.…”

Section: Patterns Of Macronutrient Selection and Regulation Of Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Diet Textural Characteristics on the Temporal Rhythms of Feeding in Rats

Mok

Thibault

1998

Physiology & Behavior

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Meal patterns of macronutrient intake in rats with particular dietary preferences

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Weight gain model in prepubertal rats: prediction and phenotyping of obesity-prone animals at normal body weight

Weight gain model in prepubertal rats: prediction and phenotyping of obesity-prone animals at normal body weight

Serotonergic regulation of galanin-induced selective macronutrient intake in self-selecting rats

Effect of Diet Textural Characteristics on the Temporal Rhythms of Feeding in Rats

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