Mealworm Ethanol Extract Enhances Myogenic Differentiation and Alleviates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Cells

Choi, Ra-Yeong; Kim, Bong Sun; Ban, Eu-Jin; Seo, Minchul; Lee, Joon Ha; Kim, In-Woo

doi:10.3390/life13010058

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The promoting factor for myogenic differentiation such as slit guidance ligand 3 has been considered to be novel against of muscle atrophy 50 . Schisandrae fructus, alverine citrate, and mealworm ethanol extract are reported to ameliorate muscle atrophy by promoting myogenic differentiation 51‐53 . It meant that myogenic differentiation is critical for maintaining muscle health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oat β‐glucan alleviates muscle atrophy via promoting myotube formation and suppressing protein degradation

et al. 2023

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BACKGROUNDThe dangerous inducers of muscle atrophy are inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and cachexia, etc. β‐Glucan, an important food derived active ingredient, has been reported to exert anti‐inflammatory effects, however, its effects on regulating myoblast differentiation and protein degradation are unclear. This study is aimed to investigate the mechanism of oat β‐glucan on alleviating muscle atrophy.RESULTSThe results showed that oat β‐glucan treatment reversed tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) induced abnormal myoblast differentiation and reduced muscle atrophy related MuRF‐1 and Atrogin‐1 protein expression. The similar phenomenon was observed after using MCC950 (NLRP3 specific inhibitor) or AS1842856 (FoxO1 specific inhibitor) to suppress NLRP3 and FoxO1 expression, respectively. Exposure to β‐glucan or AS1842856 also inhibited TNF‐α induced the activation of TLR4/NF‐κB pathway by inactivating FoxO1, and subsequently suppressed the expression of NLRP3.CONCLUSIONOur results indicate that oat β‐glucan exerts essential roles in promoting myoblast differentiation and alleviating muscle atrophy via inactivating FoxO1 and NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…50 Schisandrae fructus, alverine citrate, and mealworm ethanol extract are reported to ameliorate muscle atrophy by promoting myogenic differentiation. [51][52][53] It meant that myogenic differentiation is critical for maintaining Figure 6. ⊎-Glucan treatment regulated myotubologenesis and protein degradation related genes expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oat β‐glucan alleviates muscle atrophy via promoting myotube formation and suppressing protein degradation

et al. 2023

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“…Muscle atrophy primarily occurs due to multiple factors, including muscle cell damage induced by elevated levels of oxidative substances, reduced production and regeneration of muscle proteins due to decreased expression of stress proteins, and promotion of muscle protein degradation via the activation of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway [31]. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is primarily involved in skeletal muscle protein degradation [32]. MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 are skeletal muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases, whose activation induces the loss of muscle mass, that are used as markers of muscle atrophy [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG5091 and Lactococcus lactis MG4668 and MG5474 Suppress Muscle Atrophy by Regulating Apoptosis in C2C12 Cells

Park¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2023

Fermentation

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Muscular atrophy is a chronic muscle disease characterized by a loss of muscle mass and muscle weakness due to excessive protein breakdown relative to protein synthesis. Apoptosis is a major factor in sarcopenia and the final stage of muscle atrophy that occurs via various mechanisms. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of cell-free supernatants (CFSs) from different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains in dexamethasone (DEX)-treated C2C12 cells, followed by probiotic properties. We found that Limosilactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) MG4263 and MG5091 and Lactococcus lactis (Lc. lactis) MG4668 and MG5474 inhibited muscle atrophy F-box (atrogin-1) and muscle-specific RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) in DEX-treated C2C12 cells. In addition, LAB strains inhibited the expression of apoptotic proteins, such as Bcl-2-associated X (Bax)/Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in DEX-treated C2C12 cells. L. fermentum MG5091, Lc. lactis MG4668, and MG5474 showed high survival rates in gastrointestinal (GIT) conditions and high adhesion rate to HT-29 cells. The LAB strains were also assessed for hemolysis and toxicity in HT-29 cells to confirm their stability. The LAB strains showed no hemolytic activity and toxicity to HT-29 cells. Therefore, L. fermentum MG5091, Lc. lactis MG4668, and MG5474 suggest their potential as probiotics to be used as functional foods for the inhibition of muscular atrophy.

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Anti‐inflammatory and anti‐hyperglycemia effects of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larvae) protein extracted by four methods: alkali, salt, enzyme, and screw press

Oh,

Kang,

Cho

et al. 2024

Journal of Food Science

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The use of edible insect protein in food products is contingent on their biological effects. Conventional protein extraction methods are not only time‐consuming and costly but also energy‐intensive. There is a need for alternative techniques that maintain the bioactivities of insect proteins and are environmentally sustainable. This study compares the health functionality of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larvae) concentrates obtained by conventional methods—alkali and salt (MS) extraction—and nonconventional methods—enzyme (ME) and screw press (MP)—to enhance their applicability despite lower protein concentration. Overall, MP exhibited the highest essential amino acids content, whereas ME showed the highest in vitro digestibility, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant capacities among all the concentrates. ME also had a significant cell proliferative capacity at concentrations ≥500 µg/mL. MS significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin‐1beta secretion in lipopolysaccharide‐treated Hep3B cells compared to other samples. As for anti‐hyperglycemia effects, treatment with MS and ME for 2 and 5 min significantly increased the p‐Akt/Akt ratio (MS, 1.34‐ and 1.61‐fold; ME, 2.26‐ and 2.70‐fold, respectively). In conclusion, enzyme treatment enhanced nutritional value and antioxidant capacity, whereas salt treatment potentially contributed to anti‐inflammatory and anti‐hyperglycemia activities. Hybrid extraction techniques combining conventional and nonconventional methods are suggested based on target applications, considering health benefits, environmental impact, costs, and efficiencies.Practical ApplicationFour mealworm protein extraction methods (alkali/salt/enzyme/screw press) were compared for their nutritional and biological properties. Alkali extraction enhanced protein content, enzyme treatment improved nutritional value and antioxidant capacity, and salt‐assisted extraction exhibited immunomodulatory effects in vitro. Notably, enzyme and salt treatments produced protein concentrates with significant antidiabetic and anti‐hyperglycemic properties.

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Mealworm Ethanol Extract Enhances Myogenic Differentiation and Alleviates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Cells

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Oat β‐glucan alleviates muscle atrophy via promoting myotube formation and suppressing protein degradation

Oat β‐glucan alleviates muscle atrophy via promoting myotube formation and suppressing protein degradation

Limosilactobacillus fermentum MG5091 and Lactococcus lactis MG4668 and MG5474 Suppress Muscle Atrophy by Regulating Apoptosis in C2C12 Cells

Anti‐inflammatory and anti‐hyperglycemia effects of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larvae) protein extracted by four methods: alkali, salt, enzyme, and screw press

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