“…The lake equations (1.1) can be derived formally from the three-dimensional Euler equations [8] and have been justified mathematically in the periodic case [40]. They appear in the mean-field limit for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, which is the Schrödinger flow for the Ginzburg-Landau energy, under forcing and pinning [18]. Weak solutions of the Cauchy problem for the lake equations (1.1) exist globally [23,30,32,38,39]; these solutions are unique [5,30,38] and as smooth as the data permits it ( [23,31,39] and appendix B below).…”