Meanders of the Jialing River in China: Morphology and formation

Zhang, Bin; Nan-shan, AI; Huang, Ziyue; Chengbo, Yi; FaCao, Qin

doi:10.1007/s11434-007-0516-2

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…2a and 3b ). The distribution boundary for the Mishmi and Bhutan subspecies is most likely the Yalu Zangbu River, which also stemmed from the collision of the Indian and Eurasian Plates and formed in the early Miocene ( Wang et al 2002 ), and that for the Sichuan and Qinling subspecies is most likely the Jialing River that was built in the middle Pleistocene ( Zhang et al 2008 ), as suggested by the genomic findings ( figs. 2a and 3b ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Evolutionary Conservation Genomics Reveals Recent Speciation and Local Adaptation in Threatened Takins

Yang

Locke

Zhan

et al. 2022

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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Incorrect species delimitation will lead to inappropriate conservation decisions, especially for threatened species. The takin (Budorcas taxicolor) is a large artiodactyl endemic to the Himalayan-Hengduan-Qinling Mountains and is well-known as its threatened status and the peculiar appearance. However, the speciation, intraspecies taxonomy, evolutionary history and adaptive evolution of this species still remain unclear, which greatly hampers its scientific conservation. Here, we de novo assembled a high-quality chromosome-level genome of takin and resequenced genomes of 75 wild takins. Phylogenomics revealed that takin was positioned at the root of Caprinae. Population genomics based on autosome, X chromosome, and Y chromosome SNPs and mitochondrial genomes consistently revealed the existence of two phylogenetic species and recent speciation in takins: the Himalayan takin (B. taxicolor) and the Chinese takin (B. tibetana), with the support of morphological evidence. Two genetically-divergent subspecies were identified in both takin species, rejecting three previously-proposed taxonomical viewpoints. Furthermore, their distribution boundaries were determined, suggesting that large rivers play important roles in shaping the genetic partition. Compared with the other subspecies, the Qinling subspecies presented the lowest genomic diversity, higher linkage disequilibrium, inbreeding and genetic load, thus in urgent need of genetic management and protection. Moreover, the coat color gene (PMEL) variation may be responsible for the adaptive coat color difference between the two species following the Gloger’s rule. Our findings provide novel insights into the recent speciation, local adaptation, scientific conservation of takins, and biogeography of Himalaya-Hengduan biodiversity hotspot.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Evolutionary Conservation Genomics Reveals Recent Speciation and Local Adaptation in Threatened Takins

Yang

Locke

Zhan

et al. 2022

Molecular Biology and Evolution

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“…However, based on the geological background, hydrodynamic force, and complex boundary conditions in a wide region, the river morphology is so complex that the coefficient of sinuosity is always high. Based on the symmetry index, the gullies can also be divided into left skewed, symmetric, and right skewed types (Zhang et al, 2008). Further exploration is still necessary with regard to classifying the gully morphology based on the shape ratio, morphology ratio, and fractal dimension, or based on multiple parameters from comprehensive and quantitative perspectives.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The river pattern is usually controlled by factors such as geological structure, strata, lithology, and topographical conditions (Zhang et al, 2008). From the river head to the estuary, these conditions change greatly, and thus the river morphology usually shows very great differences along its course.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planar morphology and controlling factors of the gullies in the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley based on field investigation

et al. 2015

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The plane form of a gully can provide a basis for evaluating the gully volume and erosion rate, acting process, and evolutionary stage. For describing the planar characteristics of a permanent gully and understanding their controlling factors, this study, utilizing a total station and GPS RTK, measured the shoulder lines and channel curves of 112 gullies in six sites of the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley and then mapped them by ArcGIS software and calculated nine parameters. The results showed that the channel lengths range from 10.88 to 249.11 m; the widths range from 6.20 to 40.99 m; the perimeters range from 54.11 to 541.67 m; the gully areas range from 153.02 to 6,930.30 m 2 ; the left-side areas range from 92.93 to 4,027.20 m 2 ; and the right-side areas range from 63.65 to 3,539.77 m 2 . The slightly sinuous and straight gullies account for 73.21% of the total gullies; the quantity of the right skewed gullies is 8.93% greater than that of the left skewed ones based on the symmetry ratio; the shape ratios range from 1.12 to 1.40 and the morphology ratios from 0.038 to 1.294; the fractal dimension is 1.192. Gullies in different sites have diverse planar characteristics. Except for the symmetry index, which was close to a negatively skewed distribution, all of the other parameters had the characteristic of positively skewed distribution. The gully area is related to the length and width, but the gully length has a weak correlation with the width. The evolutionary stage, topographic conditions, strata, soil properties, and piping erosion played very important roles in the gully planar morphology. This study could provide useful information for controlling gully erosion and safeguarding human habitation and engineering buildings.

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“…When comparing the effects of mesh resolution and the Manning coefficient, the difference between the computed and surveyed water levels is acceptable. Additionally, due to river bed evolution, the topography used in the numerical model may be different from the topography in 1990 and this may be the reason for the difference [32]. Generally, the numerical model developed was validated to be accurate enough for further study.…”

Section: Validation Of the Numerical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bridge Piers on Flood Hazards: A Case Study on the Jialing River in China

Wen

Jing

Zuo

et al. 2019

Water

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Bridge piers on river channels can cause obstacles for flood flow by reducing the cross-sectional area and inducing local eddy currents and high flow velocities, which may destroy hydraulic structures. A two-dimensional numerical model was used to investigate the effects of bridge piers on river flood hazards in the Jialing River, China. For the modeling, Mike 21 FM was used, which is an unstructured mesh and finite volume model that solves the shallow water equations. The numerical model was validated with collected historical flood traces, and sensitivity analyses identified the effects of the Manning coefficient and the dependence on the grid size. The influence of backwater effects on the flow field was analyzed by comparing numerical results with and without piers. The results showed that the most significant impacts were caused by the Fengxian Bridge. The maximum water level rise was about 1 m and the maximum velocity near this bridge decreased by 22.77% for a 10-year flood. We found that the top elevations of planned levees near the bridges must be increased by 0.15-0.36 m. The influence of bridge piers on the flood velocity field is more complex. These findings will help flood hazard management in this river and provides a reference for similar projects.

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Meanders of the Jialing River in China: Morphology and formation

Cited by 24 publications

References 22 publications

Evolutionary Conservation Genomics Reveals Recent Speciation and Local Adaptation in Threatened Takins

Evolutionary Conservation Genomics Reveals Recent Speciation and Local Adaptation in Threatened Takins

Planar morphology and controlling factors of the gullies in the Yuanmou Dry-hot Valley based on field investigation

Effects of Bridge Piers on Flood Hazards: A Case Study on the Jialing River in China

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