Meaning of Visualizing Retinal Cone Mosaic on Adaptive Optics Images

Jacob, Julie A.; Pâques, Michel; Krivosic, Valérie; Dupas, B.; Couturier, Aude; Kulcsár, Caroline; Tadayoni, Ramin; Massin, Pascale; Gaudric, Alain

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2014.09.043

Cited by 40 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…1 Furthermore, we have shown that even in the absence of EZ breakdown, the fragmentation of the interdigitation zone was related to a decrease in cone density on adaptive optics. 13 It seems then paradoxical that a loss of photoreceptors, which are important oxygen consumers, may lead to a proliferation of the retinal capillary toward the retinal pigment epithelium because it is likely that there is no hypoxia stimulus in these conditions. However, several animal models resulting in photoreceptor loss have also led to the abnormal vascularization of the outer retina, [14][15][16] especially in areas of photoreceptor loss or degeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outer Retina Capillary Invasion and Ellipsoid Zone Loss in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 Imaged by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Gaudric

Krivosic

Tadayoni

2015

Retina

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outer Retina Capillary Invasion and Ellipsoid Zone Loss in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 Imaged by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Gaudric

Krivosic

Tadayoni

2015

Retina

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“…Studies comparing FIAO and OCT in diseased retinas led to the conclusion that the reflectance of the COST line is strongly correlated to the visibility of cones in FIAO images. 25,26 However, even in the presence of convergent findings from en face and OCT imaging, it cannot be concluded for a given subject that cones outer segments are absent in an area showing absence of the COST and of a cone mosaic. Our findings indeed suggest that the decreased intensity of the reflectance of the COST line seen in a particular incidence may be due to misaligned cones.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Negative Cone Mosaic: A New Manifestation of the Optical Stiles-Crawford Effect in Normal Eyes

Miloudi

Rossant

Bloch

et al. 2015

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to describe a previously unreported manifestation of the optical Stiles-Crawford effect (oSCE) in normal eyes. METHODS.In a cohort of 50 normal subjects, the directional reflectance of cones in the retinal periphery was explored by flood-illuminated adaptive optics (FIAO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS.In 32 eyes (64%), off-axis FIAO images of the retinal periphery (~15-208 from the fovea) showed variably sized patches of hyporeflective dots (called here negative mosaic) coexisting with hyperreflective (positive) cones. In nine cases, shifting the entry pupil toward the optical axis restored the positive cone mosaic, with a point-by-point correspondence between positive and negative mosaics. Rods remained hyperreflective around negative and positive cones. These changes were paralleled by changes of the OCT reflectance of the cone outer segment tips and, to a lesser extent, of the inner/outer segment limit.CONCLUSIONS. By en face FIAO imaging of the retina, the contrast of cones over rods may be strongly dependent on the entry pupil to such an extent that their reflectance is lower than that of rods. We hypothesized that the negative cone mosaic aspect results from the differential Stiles-Crawford effect of cones and rods. Cone reflectance by en face FIAO parallels the reflectance from the cone outer segment tip line and to a lesser extent of the inner/outer segment limit by OCT. Taking this into account, the oSCE is of importance for the interpretation of high-resolution images of photoreceptors. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01546181.)

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“…For the above reasons, understanding of the cone reflectance variability could provide a unique insight into the physiology or pathophysiology of these cells and give functional information that is complementary to the structural mosaic organization described by spatial metrics [19,26]. At the same time, it is necessary to investigate whether the temporal variability of cone reflectance may influence the study of mosaic spatial metrics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the changes of cone reflectance in adaptive optics flood illumination retinal images over three years

Mariotti¹,

Devaney²,

Lombardo³

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Abstract:Although there is increasing interest in the investigation of cone reflectance variability, little is understood about its characteristics over long time scales. Cone detection and its automation is now becoming a fundamental step in the assessment and monitoring of the health of the retina and in the understanding of the photoreceptor physiology. In this work we provide an insight into the cone reflectance variability over time scales ranging from minutes to three years on the same eye, and for large areas of the retina (≥ 2.0 × 2.0 degrees) at two different retinal eccentricities using a commercial adaptive optics (AO) flood illumination retinal camera. We observed that the difference in reflectance observed in the cones increases with the time separation between the data acquisitions and this may have a negative impact on algorithms attempting to track cones over time. In addition, we determined that displacements of the light source within 0.35 mm of the pupil center, which is the farthest location from the pupil center used by operators of the AO camera to acquire high-quality images of the cone mosaic in clinical studies, does not significantly affect the cone detection and density estimation.

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Meaning of Visualizing Retinal Cone Mosaic on Adaptive Optics Images

Cited by 40 publications

References 19 publications

Outer Retina Capillary Invasion and Ellipsoid Zone Loss in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 Imaged by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Outer Retina Capillary Invasion and Ellipsoid Zone Loss in Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 Imaged by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

The Negative Cone Mosaic: A New Manifestation of the Optical Stiles-Crawford Effect in Normal Eyes

Understanding the changes of cone reflectance in adaptive optics flood illumination retinal images over three years

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