Measles and Sspe Retinitis and Retinal Dysplasia: A Hamster Model of Acute and Chronic Lesions

Parhad, Irma M.; Johnson, K. P.; Wolinsky, J. S.

doi:10.1097/00005072-197809000-00310

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Also, the severity of encephalitis was not found to relate to the nature or extent of ocular pathology. In other studies where different strains of measles virus were employed, there was more extensive retinal involvement with partial retinal atrophy, gliosis, and hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium [17]. Accordingly, the nature and extent of retinal pathology associated with measles infection of the central nervous system of the hamster is related to the age of the animal and the strain of virus inoculated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Differentiation of the retina continues over the next 3 weeks. At 21 days, the hamster retina is fully developed with a mature three-cell layer configuration consisting of the ganglionic, the inner nuclear, and the photoreceptor cell layers [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raised intracranial pressure due to cerebral edema results in papilledema in few cases; in other cases, the papilledema results from inflammation of the orbital portion of the optic nerve [6,11,15]. In hamsters infected with measles, the virus disseminates from the brain to the retina via the blood and causes retinitis that may progress to retinal dysplasia, retinal atrophy, and gliosis [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye pathology associated with measles encephalitis in hamsters

Khalifa

Rodrigues

Rajagopalan

et al. 1991

Archives of Virology

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Measles encephalitis was produced in 41 hamsters by intracerebral injection of the hamster-neuroadapted Mantooth HBS viral strain. Group I (n = 10) included 2-day old (newborn) hamsters, each inoculated with 0.02 ml of 1:20 diluted virus. This group was sacrificed 4 days postinoculation (DPI). Group II (n = 31) included 25-day old hamsters, each inoculated with 0.03 ml of 1:10 diluted virus. This group was sacrificed 6, 13, 17, and 31 DPI. Clinical and histological evidence of measles encephalitis was present in all infected hamsters. Retinal lesions varied with the age of the animals at the time of inoculation. Retinal folds were observed in the 2-day old group and represented one form of retinal dysplasia. In the 25-day old group, however, earliest retinal involvement was in the form of hemorrhages, followed by focal retinitis in animals sacrificed 6-17 DPI. Measles keratitis was noted only in animals sacrificed 6 DPI. In 25-day old hamsters, measles keratitis and retinal hemorrhages represented the acute manifestations, whereas retinitis occurred later. However, ocular involvement did not correlate with the degree of severity of measles encephalitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eye pathology associated with measles encephalitis in hamsters

Khalifa

Rodrigues

Rajagopalan

et al. 1991

Archives of Virology

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“…12 Measles antigen has also been found in the infected retinal cells by immunofluorescence. 13 Other ocular manifestations include cortical blindness, strabismus, and other fundus changes, such as absence of foveal reflex, increased tortuosity of retinal vessels, and retinal edema. [5][6][7][9][10][11] The visual symptoms preceded the onset of neurologic symptoms in only 1 patient in our study and in 4 patient in the other study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular Findings in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Yüksel

Sonmez

Yılmaz

et al. 2011

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation

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“…The occurrence of dysplastic changes in the retina with folds and rosettes of the outer nuclear layer have previously been reported after infection of immature animals with several viruses. These include a vaccine strain of blue tongue virus in embryonic lambs [Silverstein et al, 1971], lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus in new born rats [Monjan et al, 1972], canine-herpes virus in dogs [Albert et al, 1976], feline leukaemia virus in kittens [Albert et al, 1977] and measles in hamsters and rats [Parhad et al, 1980;Percy and Coulter-Mackie, 1982], In general, these infections have resulted in destructive lesions of the retina with more or less inflammatory cell infiltra tion, and the dysplastic changes have often been interpreted to be the result of a repair process to the necrotic changes, rather than a consequence of a disturbed development. This opinion was supported by the occurr ence of such dysplastic changes also after measles infection of more m ature, weanling hamsters [Parhadet al, 1980].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Disturbances in the Hamster Retina Caused by a Mutant of Mumps Virus

Löve¹,

Malm²,

Rydbeck³

et al. 1985

Dev Neurosci

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Newborn hamsters were inoculated intracerebrally with either the neurovirulent Kilham strain of mumps virus or a mutant (M13) strain of this virus. The M13 strain has an alteration in the haemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein of its envelope and causes a low-grade infection of the brain. Both strains spread consistently to the retina where the Kilham strain caused an extensive necrotizing infection. In contrast, the M13 strain predominantly caused an infection of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) with the involvement of scattered neurons in the retina. Only minimal degenerative or inflammatory changes were seen, but at 12 days of age developmental alterations were seen in all eyes. These included stretches with failure of photoreceptor segment development and the formation of folds in the outer nuclear layer. The former changes occurred in areas with loss of RPE cells and the latter generally in connection with displaced pigment-loaded cells from the RPE layer. It is suggested that these retinal alterations are mainly secondary to the RPE infection with the M13 strain.

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Measles and Sspe Retinitis and Retinal Dysplasia: A Hamster Model of Acute and Chronic Lesions

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Eye pathology associated with measles encephalitis in hamsters

Eye pathology associated with measles encephalitis in hamsters

Ocular Findings in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Developmental Disturbances in the Hamster Retina Caused by a Mutant of Mumps Virus

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