Measles and the 2019 Hajj: risk of international transmission

Shetty, Sakshi; Murmann, Maya; Tuite, Ashleigh R.; Watts, Alexander; Bogoch, Isaac I.; Khan, Kamran

doi:10.1093/jtm/taz058

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 1 publication

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“…Indeed, infectious diseases in migrants including measles are well documented [55,[67][68][69][70][71]. Travelers and pilgrims also play a role in disease propagation, including adoption from measlesendemic countries [72][73][74]: However, the main reason for the resurgence of measles globally is vaccine hesitancy leading to suboptimal vaccine coverage rates [75]. In the year 2020, measles vaccine coverage rates dropped further due to the COVID-19 pandemic as lock-downs interrupted routine immunization programmes and a further resurgence of measles is expected in the years to come [76].…”

Section: Measlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in comparison with other emerging viral diseases: risk of geographic spread via travel

Wilder‐Smith

2021

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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Purpose of review The COVID-19 pandemic poses a major global health threat. The rapid spread was facilitated by air travel although rigorous travel bans and lockdowns were able to slow down the spread. How does COVID-19 compare with other emerging viral diseases of the past two decades? Recent findings Viral outbreaks differ in many ways, such as the individuals most at risk e.g. pregnant women for Zika and the elderly for COVID-19, their vectors of transmission, their fatality rate, and their transmissibility often measured as basic reproduction number. The risk of geographic spread via air travel differs significantly between emerging infectious diseases. Summary COVID-19 is not associated with the highest case fatality rate compared with other emerging viral diseases such as SARS and Ebola, but the combination of a high reproduction number, superspreading events and a globally immunologically naïve population has led to the highest global number of deaths in the past 20 decade compared to any other pandemic.

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Section: Measlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 in comparison with other emerging viral diseases: risk of geographic spread via travel

Wilder‐Smith

2021

Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines

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No measles cases during the 2019 Hajj

Yezli

Bieh

Khan

2019

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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Safety of measles, rubella and mumps vaccines in adults: a prospective cohort study

Neuberger

Nadir

Biber

et al. 2021

Journal of Travel Medicine

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Background In recent years, multiple outbreaks of measles associated with vaccine hesitancy occurred in high-income countries, where measles incidence had previously been low. Most safety data about the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine are derived from studies conducted among children, whereas evidence regarding the safety profile of the vaccine in adults is scarce. Methods In 2017, during an outbreak of measles in Europe, Israeli travellers to high-risk locations who were incompletely vaccinated, were urged to complete the two MMR vaccination schedule before their travel. In this prospective cohort study, we analysed adverse events (AEs) of MMR and MMRV (measles, mumps, rubella and varicella) vaccines among these travellers. All participants were followed up using structured questionnaires 2–4 weeks after vaccination. Results Seven hundred and eighty-five adult travellers whose median age was 49.2 years were vaccinated and followed up. Any AEs were reported by 25.2% of all participants; 11.6% reported local AEs, and 18.6% reported systemic AEs, none of which were severe. In general, AEs were much more common among female travellers (19.4% of males vs 30.1% of females (P < 0.001)). Local AEs, overall systemic AEs, headache and arthralgia were much more common among females, whereas rates of general malaise and fever were not statistically different between genders. We did not observe any significant differences in the rates of total, local or systemic AEs between the MMR and MMRV vaccines. Higher rates of systemic AEs were observed among participants who were younger and probably immunized once with MMR compared to older vaccines immunized once to measles only and to those who were never immunized. Conclusions The current study demonstrated low rates of systemic AEs and no serious AEs following either MMR or MMRV administration. More AEs were reported among females, and rates of AEs were similar after either MMR or MMRV.

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Measles and the 2019 Hajj: risk of international transmission

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

COVID-19 in comparison with other emerging viral diseases: risk of geographic spread via travel

COVID-19 in comparison with other emerging viral diseases: risk of geographic spread via travel

No measles cases during the 2019 Hajj

Safety of measles, rubella and mumps vaccines in adults: a prospective cohort study

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