Measles epidemic in Brazil in the post-elimination period: Coordinated response and containment strategies

Lemos, Daniele Rocha Queiróz; Franco, Aidée Ramirez; Roriz, Maria Lúcia Feitosa de Sá; Carneiro, Ana Karine Borges; Garcia, Márcio Henrique de Oliveira; Souza, Fábia Lidiana de; Andino, Regina Duron; Cavalcanti, Luciano Pamplona de Góes

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.02.023

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This improved vaccination rate has led to decreased and/or elimination of some of the common and potentially fatal diseases of children. For instance, it is known that measles infection predisposes to opportunistic infection for years [ 25 ; 26 ] and measles has been eliminated from Brazil for almost a decade, although there was an outbreak in 2013, which was contained [ 27 ; 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing demographics of visceral leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil: Lessons for the future

Lima

Mendes-Aguiar

et al. 2018

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum became a disease of urban areas in Brazil in the last 30 years and there has been an increase in asymptomatic L. infantum infection with these areas.Methodology/Principal findingsA retrospective study of human VL was performed in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, for the period of 1990–2014. The data were divided into five-time periods. For all VL cases, data on sex, age, nutritional status and childhood vaccination were collected. Geographic information system tools and statistical models were used to analyze the dispersion of human VL. The mean annual incidence of VL was 4.6 cases/100,000 inhabitants, with total 3,252 cases reported. The lethality rate was 6.4%. Over time the annual incidence of VL decreased in the 0–4 years (p<0.0001) and 5–9 (p <0.0001) age groups, but increased in ages 20–39 (p<0.001) and >40 years (p<0.0001). VL occurred more often in males (β2 = 2.5; p<0.0001). The decreased incidence of VL in children was associated with improved nutritional status and childhood immunizations including measles, poliomyelitis, BCG, and hepatitis B. Human VL correlated temporally and geographically with canine L. infantum infection (p = 0.002, R2 = 0.438), with rainfall and with Lutzomyia longipalpis density (r = 0.762). Overall, the incidence of VL decreased, while VL-AIDS increased, especially between 2010–2014. VL was more frequently found in areas that lacked urban infrastructure, detected by lack of garbage collection and sewers, whereas HIV infection was associated with higher levels of schooling and evidence of higher socioeconomic status.Conclusion/SignificanceThe demographics of VL in northeastern Brazil have changed. Disease incidence has decreased in children and increased in adults. They were associated with improvements in nutrition, socioeconomic status and immunization rates. Concurrent VL-AIDS poses a serious challenge for the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing demographics of visceral leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil: Lessons for the future

Lima

Mendes-Aguiar

et al. 2018

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…Em 2014, autores (19) Lemos e colaboradores (20) afirmam que, o principal desafio para a manutenção da eliminação do sarampo é manter um sistema de vigilância altamente sensível, mesmo com a ocorrência concomitante de outras doenças. Estes dados refletem que desde a certificação de eliminação do sarampo no país em 2016, a taxa de cobertura não alcançou a meta estipulada de 95% no Estado (22) .…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Retorno Do Sarampo Ao Pará: Análise Epidemiológica Da Doença Entre 2018 E 2020

Duarte

Cardoso

Vieira

et al. 2020

CPAQV

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O estudo objetivou realizar uma análise epidemiológica do sarampo no estado do Pará no período de retorno da doença, compreendido entre 2018 e 2020. Este é um estudo descritivo do tipo transversal. Para coleta de dados acerca da incidência, prevalência e quantidade de óbitos, foram utilizados os boletins de atualização epidemiológica da Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, os boletins epidemiológicos do Ministério da Saúde e as Notas Informativas da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde Pública do Pará. Identificou-se os seguintes resultados: de 2018 a 2019, e 2019 a 2020 foram confirmados 135 e 1555 novos casos respectivamente, Belém apresentou o maior quantitativo (753), a incidência é 12 vezes maior em crianças até 1 ano, sendo os óbitos nessa faixa etária em indígenas/imigrantes. Espera-se que essas informações possam servir de subsídio para novas iniciativas ou intensificação das mesmas, a fim de fortalecer o sistema de saúde e os serviços de vigilância.

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“…From the 17 studies included in this review, four articles were from China (Jin et al, 2011;Ma et al, 2016;Ma et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2015), three from Senegal (Cisse et al, 1999;Garenne & Aaby, 1990;Whittle et al, 1999), two from the Federated States of Micronesia (Hales et al, 2016;Pike et al, 2017), and one each from India (Rathi et al, 2017), Bolivia (Quiroga et al, 2003), Brazil (Lemos & Franco, 2017), Venezuela (Sarmiento et al, 2011), Republic of Marshall Islands (Marin et al, 2006), Romania (Njau et al, 2019), Tanzania (Goodson et al, 2010), and Ethiopia (Wallace et al, 2014). Eleven of the studies involved both male and female participants and the remaining six had no data on sex distribution of subjects (Garenne & Aaby, 1990;Marin et al, 2006;Pike et al, 2017;Quiroga et al, 2003;Sarmiento et al, 2011;Wallace et al, 2014).…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles outbreak investigation process in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the methods and costs of contact tracing

Mbivnjo

Lynch

Huws

2021

J Public Health (Berl.)

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Aim The occurrence of measles outbreaks has increased, and previously measles-free countries are experiencing a resurgence, making measles elimination by 2020 unlikely. Therefore, outbreak prevention and rapid response strategies will need to be intensified. This systematic review therefore examines whether contact tracing (CT) as compared to no CT is an effective means of reducing measles spread during outbreaks in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Subject and methods A systematic review was conducted by searching six databases (CINAHL, Global Health, Medline, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and PubMed). The 17 included articles were appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists and analysed using a narrative synthesis. Results CT is often used alongside mass communication strategies and hospital record checks. Interviewing measles cases to identify contacts, and considering everyone who has shared a space with a case as a contact are common CT methods. Also, CT can be done backwards and/or forwards with the measles case as the focal point of the investigation process. The cost per case of an outbreak response dominated by CT is high especially in terms of labour for the health sector and productivity losses for households. However, overall outbreak expenditure can be low if CT results in fewer and less severe measles cases and a short outbreak duration. Conclusion CT data as a standalone and comparative active surveillance approach in LMICs is scarce. If CT is initiated early, it can prevent large outbreaks, thereby reducing the economic burden of measles and drive LMICs towards measles elimination.

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Measles epidemic in Brazil in the post-elimination period: Coordinated response and containment strategies

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Changing demographics of visceral leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil: Lessons for the future

Changing demographics of visceral leishmaniasis in northeast Brazil: Lessons for the future

Retorno Do Sarampo Ao Pará: Análise Epidemiológica Da Doença Entre 2018 E 2020

Measles outbreak investigation process in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the methods and costs of contact tracing

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