Measles in Afghan refugees: Challenges, efforts and recommendations

Islam, Zarmina; Tharwani, Zoaib Habib; Butt, Malaika Saeed; Shaeen, Sean Kaisser; Arshad, Muhammad Sameer; Khalid, Muhammad; Essar, Mohammad Yasir; Ahmad, Shoaib; Onyeaka, Helen

doi:10.1016/j.cegh.2022.100980

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…40 The first symptom to appear is usually high-grade fever followed by a runny nose, cough, red and watery eyes, and small white spots inside the cheeks known as koplik's spots. [40][41][42] Around 3 to 5 days after the onset of symptoms, a maculopapular rash occurs which starts from the head and then spreads throughout the body. 41,42 Fever due to measles lasts around 4 to 7 days, and the rash disappears after 5 to 6 days.…”

Section: Measlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox Virus and Other Emerging Outbreaks: An Overview and Future Perspective

Hamdana,

Mohsin,

Habib Tharwani

et al. 2023

INQUIRY

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Monkeypox (MPX) is a zoonotic disease caused by the MPX virus from the poxviridae family of orthopoxviruses. Typically, endemic in central and west Africa, it has now become a matter of concern since cases have been reported in non-endemic countries around mid-June 2022, especially in the European region, with the transmission not related to travel. The diagnosis is made by PCR testing of the skin lesions. Even though treatment is symptomatic, antiretrovirals, such as tecovirimat, are used in severe cases. Vaccination with second and third generation vaccines is approved for prophylaxis in high risk individuals. Unfortunately, these options of treatment and prevention are only available in high income countries at the moment. This review, through a thorough literature search of articles from 2017 onward, focuses on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, challenges, treatment, prevention and control of MPX virus and how they can be corelated with other viral outbreaks including COVID-19, Acute Hepatitis of unknown origin, Measles and Dengue, to better predict and therefore prevent its transmission. The previous COVID-19 pandemic increased the disease burden on healthcare infrastructure of low-middle income countries, therefore, this recent MPX outbreak calls for a joint effort from healthcare authorities, political figures, and NGOs to combat the disease and prevent its further spread not only in high income but also in middle- and low-income countries.

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Section: Measlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monkeypox Virus and Other Emerging Outbreaks: An Overview and Future Perspective

Hamdana,

Mohsin,

Habib Tharwani

et al. 2023

INQUIRY

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“… 7 Blood cultures, which are the most reliable test for Typhoid, are being sparingly used as many laboratories have been turned into COVID-19 testing centers. Moreover, many symptoms like fever and headache are common between COVID-19 and Typhoid, along with a few other diseases including dengue 18 and measles, 19 making definitive diagnosis a significant challenge. 7 …”

Section: Challenges and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Typhoid in Pakistan: Challenges, Efforts, and Recommendations

Tharwani¹,

Kumar²,

Salman³

et al. 2022

IDR

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Typhoid, and its extra drug resistant form which is highly prevalent Pakistan, is increasing the burden on healthcare through multiple factors. These range from lack of sanitation, the collapsing economy, and poor access to clean drinking water which have made it arduous for the government and various other organizations in containing it. With the COVID-19 pandemic, treatment of typhoid became a challenge as focus was driven towards limiting the COVID-19 spread, and hence preferential use of antibiotics such as azithromycin may limit future empirical antibiotic therapy for typhoid. Socioeconomic disparities and geographical as well as demographic barriers further limit access to appropriate typhoid management. Lastly, illiteracy and self-medication with antibiotics may predispose Pakistan to another outbreak of typhoid. These concerns, although largely unaddressed effectively, need immediate action. Previously, the government and international organizations have made efforts to control the spread through the introduction of TCV as a part of EPI and awareness, additional improvements are needed. These include: improving access to telemedicine in rural areas, extensive vaccination programs, and routine awareness programs especially in schools.

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“…Measles outbreaks could surge in Ukraine, a common outcome from conflict settings where routine healthcare is hindered and vaccination campaigns stall, or stop altogether. [ 7 ]. A large and prolonged outbreak of >115,000 measles cases occurred in Ukraine across 2017–2020.…”

Section: Correspondencementioning

confidence: 99%