Measles in Previously Vaccinated Children

Currier, Russell W.; Hardy, George E.; Conrad, Jonas

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1972.02110180056007

Cited by 16 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A very surprising result in our research was the fact that 80% of the measles patients had received measles vaccine, raising doubts on its efficacy. Although this result is supported by an investigation in an elementary school of Alabama showing that 68% of the measles patients were vaccinated, 11 most of the literature has documented a negative correlation of measles infection with the vaccination status. Data analysis of 572 confirmed measles cases from Sindh, Pakistan, established a significant association between the vaccination status and measles infection with higher occurrence of the measles in unvaccinated than in vaccinated children ( p < 0.001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Frequency and Reasons for Vaccination Failure against Measles among Pediatric Cases at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi

Jamal,

Nasir,

Hayee

et al. 2023

J Pediatr Infect Dis

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Objective A nationwide measles–rubella (MR) vaccination campaign was executed in Pakistan in November 2021. Despite that, there was a persistence of new measles cases. Thus, we designed this study to determine the measles vaccination status in patients with measles and to determine the reasons of missed vaccination during the campaign. Methods We reviewed medical records of measles patients >1 month to 12 years of age, presenting to the pediatric emergency of a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan, during January to June 2022. We recorded patients' demographics and vaccination status. Measles patients who were hospitalized were reviewed to see if the child has or has not received vaccination during the MR campaign and what were the reasons for missed vaccination. Results A total of 1,058 children presented with measles out of which 52.9% were male. The mean age of the patients was 2.2 years. Excluding 24.3% of the patients because of age <9 months, 800 (75.6%) patients were eligible for measles vaccine. Out of these, 80% received the vaccine (94.6% had one dose and only 5.3% had two doses). Among the 98 admitted patients, 68 (69.3%) were eligible for vaccination during the MR campaign, out of which 88.2% did not get the vaccine. Common reasons of missed vaccination were: lack of knowledge of the campaign (36.6%), impossibility to find vaccination facility (23.3%), and lack of trust in vaccines (15%). Conclusion Most of the hospitalized measles patients had missed the vaccine during the MR campaign, mostly because of lack of knowledge of the campaign. This calls for devising strategies to improve coverage of vaccination services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Frequency and Reasons for Vaccination Failure against Measles among Pediatric Cases at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi

Jamal,

Nasir,

Hayee

et al. 2023

J Pediatr Infect Dis

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“…Several factors may contribute to an increased risk of primary vaccine failure. First, children younger than 12 months who received the measles vaccine in the 1970s had a higher primary failure rate and increased attack rates during epidemics (29,83). Another possible reason for vaccine failure is faulty handling of the vaccine.…”

Section: Primary Vaccine Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Measles control in the United States: problems of the past and challenges for the future

Wood

Brunell

1995

Clin Microbiol Rev

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Elimination of indigenous measles from the United States has been a public priority since 1978. To assess the progress made toward this goal, we review the epidemiology of measles from 1963 to the present. From the 1970s through early into the recent measles epidemic, the majority of measles cases were in highly vaccinated, school-age children. This was due primarily to a 1 to 5% primary measles-mumps-rubella vaccine failure rate and nonrandom mixing patterns among school-age populations. To eliminate susceptible individuals in the school-age populations, a second dose of measles vaccine is now recommended between 5 and 6 years or 11 and 12 years by both the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the American Academy of Pediatrics. Later in the epidemic, measles cases surged among unimmunized preschool children, especially among the poor in inner-city areas. Immunization rates have been documented to be low among preschool populations because of missed opportunities to administer vaccines at all health visits and barriers to access to immunizations. To raise immunization rates, the age for the first measles-mumps-rubella immunization was lowered to 12 to 15 months of age, federal immunization funding has increased, and new standards for immunization delivery have been developed and promulgated.

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Immunity to Measles in Children Vaccinated Before and After 1 Year of Age

Reynolds¹

1972

Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med

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Humoral immunity to measles was studied in a group of children vaccinated before and a group vaccinated after their first birthday in the same office practice. All received live attenuated measles vaccine with measles immune globulin (MIG). The average postvaccination interval was five years. A significantly higher percentage of those vaccinated before 12 months of age were without detectable hemagglutination-inhibition antibody. Excessive dosage of MIG was not a significant factor in determining the lack of immune response. Revaccination of 12 seronegative children elicited an anamnestic antibody response in seven. The adjusted seroconversion rates, considering the anamnestic response to revaccination, were 79% and 100% for children vaccinated before and after their first birthday, respectively. These data support the recent recommendation that all children vaccinated before 9 to 10 months of age be routinely revaccinated.The occurrence of measles in pre¬ viously vaccinated children has been documented by several recent reports.15 In one study, vaccine fail¬ ures were related to inadequate stor¬ age of the vaccine. ' The attack rate of 2% of vaccinated children in two measles outbreaks was within the ex¬ pected 3% to 5% seroconversion fail¬ ure rate.1·26 One recent investigation4 suggested and another5 confirmed a significantly higher measles attack rate for children vaccinated before their first birthday. In order to fur¬ ther document a difference in immu¬ nity to measles in children vaccinated before and after their first birthday, a postvaccination serologie survey of

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Measles in Previously Vaccinated Children

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Frequency and Reasons for Vaccination Failure against Measles among Pediatric Cases at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi

Frequency and Reasons for Vaccination Failure against Measles among Pediatric Cases at a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi

Measles control in the United States: problems of the past and challenges for the future

Immunity to Measles in Children Vaccinated Before and After 1 Year of Age

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