Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and bowel problems or developmental regression in children with autism: population study

Taylor, Brent; Miller, Elizabeth; Lingam, Raghu; Andrews, Nick; Simmons, Andrea Megela; Stowe, Julia

doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7334.393

Cited by 301 publications

(157 citation statements)

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“…13 Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination also has been related to autism, 14 but no evidence for this relationship has been found in several other studies. [15][16][17] Furthermore, it has been suggested that the mercury-based preservatives of vaccines increase the risk for autism, but this hypothesis has met criticism. 18 Intrauterine exposure to teratogenic drugs including thalidomide and valproate may increase the risk for autism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of novel autism candidate regions through analysis of reported cytogenetic abnormalities associated with autism

et al. 2005

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The identification of the candidate genes for autism through linkage and association studies has proven to be a difficult enterprise. An alternative approach is the analysis of cytogenetic abnormalities associated with autism. We present a review of all studies to date that relate patients with cytogenetic abnormalities to the autism phenotype. A literature survey of the Medline and Pubmed databases was performed, using multiple keyword searches. Additional searches through cited references and abstracts from the major genetic conferences from 2000 onwards completed the search. The quality of the phenotype (i.e. of the autism spectrum diagnosis) was rated for each included case. Available specific probe and marker information was used to define optimally the boundaries of the cytogenetic abnormalities. In case of recurrent deletions or duplications on chromosome 15 and 22, the positions of the low copy repeats that are thought to mediate these rearrangements were used to define the most likely boundaries of the implicated 'Cytogenetic Regions Of Interest' (CROIs). If no molecular data were available, the sequence position of the relevant chromosome bands was used to obtain the approximate molecular boundaries of the CROI. The findings of the current review indicate: (1) several regions of overlap between CROIs and known loci of significant linkage and/or association findings, and (2) additional regions of overlap among multiple CROIs at the same locus. Whereas the first finding confirms previous linkage/association findings, the latter may represent novel, not previously identified regions containing genes that contribute to autism. This analysis not only has confirmed the presence of several known autism risk regions but has also revealed additional previously unidentified loci, including 2q37, 5p15,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of novel autism candidate regions through analysis of reported cytogenetic abnormalities associated with autism

et al. 2005

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“…Among other factors, there was a considerable discussion about the occurrence of autism by immunization with the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines. However, further careful examination of the data found no association with autism (Dales et al 2001;Taylor et al 2002). Therefore, they are no longer considered to be environmental risk factors.…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular genetics of autism spectrum disorders

Shastry

2003

J Hum Genet

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Autistic disorder belongs to a broad spectrum of pervasive developmental disorders. Autism is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition. It is characterized by impairment in a broad range of social interactions, communication, and repetitive patterns of behavior and interest. Although the exact etiology of the condition is not known, family and twin studies strongly support genetic factors in autism. Genome-wide scans suggest several susceptibility loci that may contain one or more predisposing genes. However, no such genes have been identified so far that predispose patients to autism. The condition is over 90% heritable, but the mode of inheritance is not clear. Moreover, it does not seem to be a single gene disorder. There is no cure for autism. Individualized structured education, family support services, and antipsychotic drugs are recommended. These may alleviate some behavioral problems. The identification of autism genes, an understanding of the neurobiology of the condition, and additional clinical studies may help to develop pharmacological interventions in the future.

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“…Kagan-Kushnir et al (20) found an increased incidence of reflux and diarrhea in children with autism compared wth nonaffected siblings. Taylor et al (21) reported significant gastrointestinal problems in children with autism, apparently more likely in the regressive type. These gastrointestinal problems were not more frequent in the group who received MMR than those in the group who did not receive MMR before its introduction in 1988.…”

Section: Part One: the Measles-mumps-rubella Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization and children at risk for autism

Roberts

Harford

2002

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and bowel problems or developmental regression in children with autism: population study

Abstract: Objectives To investigate whether measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination is associated with bowel problems and developmental regression in children with autism, looking for evidence of a "new variant" form of autism.

Cited by 301 publications

References 13 publications

Identification of novel autism candidate regions through analysis of reported cytogenetic abnormalities associated with autism

Identification of novel autism candidate regions through analysis of reported cytogenetic abnormalities associated with autism

Molecular genetics of autism spectrum disorders

Immunization and children at risk for autism

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