Measles Outbreak Investigation in Garda Marta District, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2022: Community-Based Case-Control Study

Bukuno, Silas; Asholie, Agunie; Girma, Zeleke; Haji, Yusuf

doi:10.2147/idr.s405802

Cited by 2 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The data were collected using a structured researcher-administered questionnaire adapted from related literature ( 2 , 16 , 21 ), reviewing line lists, patients’ medical records, and observation checklists. The data were collected by two Field Epidemiology residents using the Kobo Collect platform Android version 2022.4.4 under daily supervision.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Persons who had a history of exposure during these days were said to have a history of contact with active measles cases ( 1 , 2 ). In addition, a person who traveled to known measles outbreak places was considered to have a travel history ( 2 , 16 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data about vaccination status were collected both from immunization cards and historical recall of participants. A person was said to be vaccinated if he/she took a minimum of a single dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) ( 2 , 16 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2019 Ethiopian Demographic and Mini-Health Survey (EDHS) showed that coverage of first and second doses of the measles vaccine were 59 and 9%, respectively, falling far below the target for measles elimination ( 15 ). Along with this, the continued vulnerability of vaccinated children to measles infection has overwhelmed the conditions ( 16 , 17 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple factors may contribute to these problems in Ethiopia, including low population immunity, concurrent epidemics, conflict, forced displacement, and other humanitarian crises that disrupt childhood vaccinations ( 14 ). In addition, cultural beliefs, limited awareness, and behavioral factors can act as barriers to seeking early treatment and utilizing other disease management strategies ( 14 , 16 , 17 ). Comprehensive rumor identification and prompt responses are needed to prevent and manage such problems ( 13 , 18 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measles outbreak investigation in Tocha district, southwestern Ethiopia: an unmatched case–control study

Tefera,

Admasu,

Abebe

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundMeasles continues to be a public health challenge in Ethiopia. Rumors of suspected measles were notified on April 8, 2023 from Tocha district. We conducted an assessment to describe measles outbreak and determine risk factors for measles infection in the Tocha district of the Dawuro zone, Southwest Ethiopia.MethodsWe conducted a 1:2 unmatched case–control studies from April to May 2023. We took all 147 cases registered on line list for descriptive analyses. We used a total of 74 randomly selected cases and 147 controls for case–control part. Any person in Tocha district with laboratory-confirmed measles IgM antibody; or any suspected person epidemiologically linked to confirmed measles cases from March 23 to April 26 2023, were included in the case. Neighborhood who did not fulfill this standard case definition were included in controls. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires deployed on Kobo Collect. Descriptive analyses were conducted using Epi info version 7.2.5.0. The analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 26. Binary logistic regression analyses were utilized to select candidate variables. We conducted multiple logistic regression analysis to identify determinants of measles infection at a p value ≤0.05 with 95% confidence interval.ResultsThe overall attack rate of 22.64/10,000 for general population and 104.59/10,000 among under-five children were attributed to the outbreak with a case fatality rate of 2.72%. Vaccine coverage in the last year and this year were 73.52 and 53.88%, respectively, while vaccine effectiveness in the district was 79%. Poor house ventilation (AOR = 3.540, 95% CI: 1.663–7.535) and having contact history with the case (AOR = 2.528, 95% CI: 1.180–4.557) were positively related to measles infection while being previously vaccinated for measles (AOR = 0.209, 95% CI: 0.180–4.577) reduce risk of measles infections.ConclusionThe highest attack rate was observed among children under 5 years of age, with a case fatality rate of 2.72%. Vaccination coverage was less than what expected to develop herd immunity. Strategies to increase vaccination coverage and strengthening surveillance systems for rumor identification and early responses to prevent person to person transmission are recommended.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Measles outbreak investigation in Tocha district, southwestern Ethiopia: an unmatched case–control study

Tefera,

Admasu,

Abebe

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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Mapping the Implementation Determinants of Second Dose Measles Vaccination in the World Health Organization African Region: A Rapid Review

Adamu,

Jalo,

Masresha

et al. 2024

Vaccines

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The second dose of measles-containing vaccines (MCV2) has significant programmatic relevance in the current immunisation landscape because it serves as both an opportunity to reduce measles immunity gaps and strengthen second year of life vaccination platforms. However, MCV2 coverage remains suboptimal across countries in the World Health Organization (WHO) African Region and this puts a significant number of children at risk of morbidity and mortality from measles despite the availability of an effective vaccine. There is an urgent need to strengthen the implementation of MCV2 but this requires a thorough and systematic understanding of contextual factors that influence it. The literature that describes the determinants of implementation of MCV2 in a manner that adequately accounts for the complexity of the implementation context is scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this rapid review was to explore the implementation determinants of MCV2 in the WHO African Region using systems thinking. Literature search in two databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) were conducted. After screening, a total of 17 eligible articles were included in the study. Thematic analysis of extracted data was performed to identify the implementation determinants, after which they were mapped using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). A causal loop diagram (CLD) was used to illustrate the linkages between identified determinants. We found 44 implementation determinants across the five CFIR domains, i.e., innovation, outer setting, inner setting, individual, and implementation process. The majority of identified determinants are within the individual domain followed by the inner setting domain. The CLD showed that multiple contingent connections and feedback relationships exist between the identified implementation determinants within and across CFIR domains. The linkages between the implementation determinants revealed three balancing and reinforcing loops each. The findings suggest that implementation determinants of second-dose measles vaccination in the WHO African Region are complex, with multiple interconnections and interdependencies, and this insight should guide subsequent policies. There is an urgent need for further implementation research with embedded CLD in specific settings to inform the design of tailored systemic strategies to improve the implementation effectiveness of MCV2.

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Measles Outbreak Investigation in Garda Marta District, Southwestern Ethiopia, 2022: Community-Based Case-Control Study

Cited by 2 publications

References 19 publications

Measles outbreak investigation in Tocha district, southwestern Ethiopia: an unmatched case–control study

Measles outbreak investigation in Tocha district, southwestern Ethiopia: an unmatched case–control study

Mapping the Implementation Determinants of Second Dose Measles Vaccination in the World Health Organization African Region: A Rapid Review

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