Measles outbreak prevention and control among adults: Lessons from an importation outbreak in Yunnan province, China, 2015

Zhao, Zhi‐Wen; Zhou, Rongrong; Yu, Wen; Li, Liqun; Li, Qiongfen; Hu, Pei

doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1417712

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Along with the increased number of cases, the number of hospitalised patients with complications has risen as well [1], which has led to healthcare-associated transmission of measles, primarily driven by healthcare workers (HCWs) [1–4]. Since several susceptible HCWs have been infected despite of the proper protective measures (hand sanitation, surgical masks, protective gloves), introduction of vaccination among these employees has become the only effective way of preventing healthcare-associated spread [2–5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of more than 2000 Hungarian healthcare workers’ anti-measles antibody level: results and possible population-level consequences

et al. 2018

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Due to the European measles epidemic and the increased number of imported cases, it can be theorised that the risk of exposure among Hungarian healthcare workers (HCWs) has increased. In 2017, the increased measles circulation in the region led to the emergence of smaller local and hospital epidemics. Therefore, our objective was to determine the herd immunity in the high-risk group of HCWs. A hospital-based study of detecting anti-measles IgG activity was performed in 2017 and included 2167 employees of the Military Medical Centre (Hungary). The screening of HCWs presented a good general seropositivity (90.6%). The highest seroprevalence value (99.1%) was found in the age group of 60 years or older. The lowest number of seropositive individuals was seen in the 41-45 years (86.2%) age group, indicating a significant herd immunity gap between groups. Regarding the Hungarian data, there might be gaps in the seroprevalence of the analysed HCWs, implying that susceptible HCWs may generate healthcare-associated infections. This study suggests that despite the extensive vaccination and high vaccine coverage, it is still important to monitor the level of protective antibodies in HCWs, or in a representative group of the whole population of Hungary, and possibly in other countries as well.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of more than 2000 Hungarian healthcare workers’ anti-measles antibody level: results and possible population-level consequences

et al. 2018

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“…In the described outbreak, the vaccination status was unknown in the majority of cases older than 20, but the highest age-specific incidence rate was in the age group of cases aged 40-49 years who could have received only one dose of the vaccine, since the administration of a second dose of the measles vaccine at the age of 12 in Serbia began in 1994. Considering the more frequent occurrence of measles complications in adults [18], the introduction of supplementary immunization of persons aged 20 to 49 years should be considered [21,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The measles outbreak in the territory of Smederevo

Veljković,

Lončarević,

Kanazir

et al. 2023

Glas javnog zdr

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The Republic of Serbia is a country with endemic measles transmission. Decline of MMR immunization coverage resulted in measles resurgence in Serbia at the beginning of 2023. Aim of this study is a description of measles outbreak at the territory of the City of Smederevo between January and April 2023 and identification of interventions for prevention of future measles outbreaks in the Republic of Serbia. The national active measles surveillance data were analysed. The outbreak involved 43 measles cases, of whom 42 were classified as laboratory confirmed and one as epidemiologically linked. Most of cases were aged 1 to 4 years (44.2%) and 20 to 49 years (32.6%) while the highest age-specific incidence rates were registered in children younger than 12 months (80.6/10,000) and children aged 1 to 4 years (50.5/10,000). Most of cases with known vaccination status (92.9%) were unvaccinated including 8 children younger than 12 months not yet eligible for vaccination according to the national immunization schedule. Number of hospitalized cases were 20 (46.5%) including two cases with pneumonia. Among 14 cases who contracted measles in healthcare settings 5 were employees of General Hospital Smederevo. Genom sequencing was performed in 10 cases and B3 genotype of morbilli virus was detected in all cases. In order to prevent future measles outbreaks in the Republic of Serbia it is necessary to achieve and maintain target values of coverage and timeliness of MMR vaccination. Timely notification of suspected cases and diagnosis of measles as well as immunization of susceptible employees of healthcare institutions are key strategies for prevention of measles transmission in healthcare settings.

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“…Adult outbreaks have been reported more frequently in China in recent years. 9,10 As Orenstein and colleagues suggested, it is difficult to believe that adult patients can sustain a chain of transmission in the general population. 11 Several authors suggest that if there are high coverage rates among schoolchildren, it is difficult for an outbreak to propagate in a community, even in the presence of susceptible adults.…”

Section: Study In the Context Of The Scientific Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Health and economic costs of an import-initiated measles outbreak in an international border area of Yunnan Province

Zhou

Yuan

et al. 2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Background: Measles outbreaks often require labor-and resource-intense response. A border-area measles outbreak occurred in Yunnan province that required outbreak response immunization for its containment. We report results of our investigation into the outbreak and the health sector costs of the response activities, with the goal of providing evidence for policy makers when considering the full value of vaccines and of measles elimination. Methods: We conducted case investigations to determine sources of infection and routes of transmission. Costs of outbreak response activities incurred by health sector were determined through retrospective interviews and record reviews of staff. Results: In total, 67 measles cases were confirmed, including 4 cases imported from Myanmar. Among the 33 cases aged between 8 months and 14 y old, 22 (66•7%) had received 2 doses of MCV; 2 (6•0%) had received 1 dose of MCV; 9 (27•3%) had not received MCV. The first 4 cases had been infected in Myanmar, and we identified 8 transmission clusters with a total of 62 cases. Transmission among Yunnan province residents occurred in schools, family settings, and at gatherings. The overall cost to control the outbreak was $214,774, for a per-case cost of $3,206. The outbreak response vaccination campaign accounted for 64% of the total outbreak costs. Conclusions: Despite high population immunity among Yunnan province children and adolescents, an import-related measles outbreak occurred among individuals who were not vaccinated or had vaccine failure in the across-border area. The economic cost of the outbreak was substantial. Investment in a sensitive measles surveillance system to detect outbreaks in a timely manner, maintaining high population immunity to measles, and reinforcing cross-border collaboration with neighboring countries support achieving and sustaining measles elimination in the border areas of China.

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Measles outbreak prevention and control among adults: Lessons from an importation outbreak in Yunnan province, China, 2015

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Screening of more than 2000 Hungarian healthcare workers’ anti-measles antibody level: results and possible population-level consequences

Screening of more than 2000 Hungarian healthcare workers’ anti-measles antibody level: results and possible population-level consequences

The measles outbreak in the territory of Smederevo

Health and economic costs of an import-initiated measles outbreak in an international border area of Yunnan Province

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