Measles–rubella vaccine–associated MOG-antibody positive acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis with optic neuritis in a child

Abstract

Measles–rubella (MR) vaccine–associated encephalopathy is rare and coexistence with optic neuritis (ON) has never been reported. Only two patients (one child and one adult) had ‘MR Vaccine–associated myelin-oligodendrocyte-glycoprotein antibody (MOGAb) positive encephalopathy’. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a surface myelin protein, is the target of the immune system in this disease. We describe a critical unique case of ‘post-MR Vaccine, MOG-antibody positive Acute Disseminated Encephalo-Myelitis (ADEM) with optic neuritis’, who recovered with immunotherapy.

Pediatric Optic Neuritis Post Vaccination: A Literature Review

“…Patient was tested positive for anti-MOG and showed negative for NMO antibodies. The patient fully recovered after 7 days, using intravenous immunoglobulin and intravenous methylprednisolone 50 .…”

“…It triggered immunological reactions including ADEM, myelitis, neuromyelitis, and many more (52). According to Jarius, it might be affected by the immune physiology, especially the molecular mimicry, causing activation of the presenting cell, increased antigens caused over processing, leading to autoimmune process using the B lymphocytes polyclonal activation that increased cytokine production, giving the effect of T-cell being autoreactive 50 .…”