Measles Vaccines in Iran: A 50-Year Review of Vaccine Development, Production and Effectiveness (1967 - 2017)

Shafyi, A.; Mohammadi, Ashraf

doi:10.5812/jjm.60725

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are different experiences in which surveyed succeeded to isolate the viral agent from the swab lesion, sera, CSF of affected patients by cultivation of sample in different cell line. In some of them the isolated virus remained highly potent and went under following passage for future vaccine [6, 18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new isolated local varicella virus: isolation, identification, comparative growth characteristics and immunological evaluation on an animal model

Mohammadi

Esna-Ashari

Shafyi

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A panel of 4 different cell lines was optimized for isolation, identification, and authentication of a VZV virus from a swab sample of an 8-year-old boy suspected to varicella zoster infection. The system enabled highly efficient and rapid isolation of viruses in 33°C by serial sub culturing to more than 25 passages. The technique relies on isolation of viral genes by increasing the number of particles that are statistically represented in cell culture and verified by CCID50, FAM-RT-PCR, and IE62 antibody in IF test. The viral genes (ORF38, ORF54) confirmed the new isolate as VZV and revealed the amino acid sequence of viral-encoded proteins after 27 passages, identical with positive control virus, in RFLP-PCR test. Utilization of successive serial passages at temperatures lower than the normal body temperature would reduce the virus virulence and directly cause virus attenuation. As a result, the attenuated virus is adapted to growth in vitro and presented higher replication at 33°C. Our goal was to determine if the targeted virus with a large double-stranded DNA genome, varicella virus, is isolated and can be attenuated by cold adapting in vitro, Using vOka as attenuated VZV golden standard, in two quantitative tests, including CCID50 and FAM-RT-PCR. Finally, when compared with the local isolated virus, these results were strongly confirmed. We recorded plaque forming assay to show phenotypic changing which encodes the attenuation regarding size of plaque. Although in plaque forming assay, the size of plaque seemed smaller at first glance, the statistical distribution of the plaque size did not show any change between the virus in the first and last passages. In cell culture, the local VZV isolated viruses formed clear plaques and grew to higher titers compared with lower passages as parental virus.Due to lack of access to human fetal lung cells (MRC-5) and an alternative to vaccine production in the future, a new authenticated local foreskin cell substrate (RFSC) was used for virus cultivation. In comparison to, MRC-5-optimized and cloned-viruses replicated in vitro with kinetics that were similar to those of the RFSC. Laboratory animals that were infected with the optimized virus fluid as vaccine showed a good neutralization antibody against local VZV isolated as compared to vOka as control positive virus. These results demonstrate that the virus isolated from swab sample was authenticated as VZV virus, and this cold adapted attenuated virus may be an applicable candidate for future plan.Author summaryWe used different cell substrates for isolation, identification, and attenuation of a new local VZV virus from vesicle swab of suspected patient to varicella zoster diseases. The technique involves serial sub culturing of virus in cell culture. Our goal was to determine if the targeted virus with a large double-stranded DNA genome, varicella virus, is isolated and can be attenuated by cold adapting in vitro, using vOka as attenuated VZV golden standard, The virus was cloned and purified by serial dilution cloning and plaque assay. Different techniques were used regarding verification as differentiation from other members in family, potency, and sterility for isolated virus. The virus can grow well in new local foreskin cell substrate and produce good titre as compared with MRC-5. The isolated VZV potentially induced neutralization antibody in animal model. The results of our study imply that local VZV might be an applicable isolate for future plan in research and developing a varicella vaccine.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new isolated local varicella virus: isolation, identification, comparative growth characteristics and immunological evaluation on an animal model

Mohammadi

Esna-Ashari

Shafyi

et al. 2020

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To evaluate the immunogenicity and dose finding of treated virus used the procedure in our previous article, 12 the 50% cell culture infectivity dose (CCID50) assay was determined for each inoculum injection in guinea pigs.…”

Section: Varicella Zoster Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of Immune Response and Protective Immunity by a Local Isolated Varicella Virus in Animal Model: A Future Candidates for Vaccine Production

Esna-Ashari

Sabahi

Ravanshad

et al. 2019

IJAAI

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Preparation of the indigenous varicella zoster vaccine could significantly reduce the disease burden of varicella zoster virus especially in immunosuppressed children. To achieve this goal, the varicella zoster virus was isolated from an 8 years boy infected with chicken pox. The virus was cultivated in sensitive cell line and determined varicella zoster. The adaptation and attenuation of virus was carried out after several passages in MRC-5 cell culture, Primary Guinea pig embryo fibroblast cell culture and again switching in MRC-5 cell culture. The challenged of vaccine dose was found 3LogCCID50. Following two doses of immunization in guinea pigs via inoculated cell culture-fluid attenuated- local isolated VZV at zero and 14 day, the humoral immune response, varicella-zoster virus (VZV) IgG and IgM were determined using enzyme-linked Immunosorbent and seroneutralization assays at 7, 14, 21, 30, 60, 90.120 days after receiving of the first and second dose of vaccine. The results of immunization showed good 93% seroconversion in guinea pig which compared with vOKa vaccine was not significant (p<0.05). The prepared attenuate varicella zoster virus promising a candidate Virus for our future plan to vaccine production.

show abstract

“…During the pre-vaccine era in Iran, measles and rubella were endemic and nearly 150,000-500,000 cases of measles with a high mortality rate were reported annually (18)(19) . However, more than three-fourth of adolescents and childbearing age women naturally acquired anti-rubella immunity (20)(21) , and the incidence of CRS was estimated to be two per 10,000 live birth (22) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles and Rubella Serosusceptibity among Population Vaccinated with Different Schedule: The potential impact on Measles-Rubella elimination in Iran.

Saffar¹,

Khalifeloo

Saffar

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Iranian children have been vaccinated with the scheduled two doses of monovalent measles vaccine (mMV) since 1984. In December 2003, a nationwide campaign of measles-rubella (MR) immunization targeted 5-25 years population was established. In 2004, the mMV was replaced with measles- mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Despite the high vaccination coverage, the outbreaks of measles still occurs in the country. In this Study, the measles-rubella immunity status of various age groups, vaccinated with different schedules was investigated, and the immunologic response of seronegative subjects to revaccination was examined. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 7- 33-year-old healthy individuals with a documented history of measles vaccination from November 2017-to June 2018. The subjects were categorized as fallow: groupA: including 20-33 years-old; vaccinated with 1-2 dose of mMV, and revaccinated with MR, groupB, including 15-19-year-old individuals, vaccinated with two doses of mMV at nine and 15 months of age, and in addition to one dose MMR upon school entrance, groupC, including 11-14 year-old individuals vaccinated, with two-doses of MMR at the ages of 15 months and six years, and groupD, including 7-10 year individuals vaccinated with two-doses of MMR vaccine at the ages 12 and 18 months, respectively. Nest the consecrations of antimeasles-antirubella IgG antibodies in the collected sera were measured. Among seronegative subjects, the antimeasles-antirubella IgM and IgG were reexamined at 4-6 weeks after MMR revaccination. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results: A total of 635 individuals, including 322 females were investigated in this study. The relative distribution of subjects in each group was as falows: groupA, 98; groupB, 295; groupC, 139; and groupD, 103 persons. Overall, 12.3% and 18.4% of the population were seronegative for measles and rubella antibodies. This rate varied greatly between the 4 groups: groupA, 2%-0/0%; groupB,15.2%- 25.0%; groupC,11.5%- 17.2%; and groupD,14.6%- 18.4%. After revaccination, 92% and 94.9% of seronegative individuals only showed IgG response to measles and rubella vaccines, respectively.Conclusion: Despite the high coverage rate of M-R containing vaccines, a significant numbers of vaccinated subjects were seronegative for measles and rubella, possibly because of secondary vaccine failure; this may negatively affect measles-rubella elimination targets in the country. If these findings are confirmed in similar future studies, a more robust regional/national supplementary immunization activity should be considered.

show abstract

Measles Vaccines in Iran: A 50-Year Review of Vaccine Development, Production and Effectiveness (1967 - 2017)

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

A new isolated local varicella virus: isolation, identification, comparative growth characteristics and immunological evaluation on an animal model

A new isolated local varicella virus: isolation, identification, comparative growth characteristics and immunological evaluation on an animal model

Induction of Immune Response and Protective Immunity by a Local Isolated Varicella Virus in Animal Model: A Future Candidates for Vaccine Production

Measles and Rubella Serosusceptibity among Population Vaccinated with Different Schedule: The potential impact on Measles-Rubella elimination in Iran.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About