Measles Virus-Specific Functional Antibody Responses and Viremia during Acute Measles

Forthal, Donald N.; Landucci, Gary; Habis, A.; Zartarian, M; Katz, Jacob F.; Tilles, Jeremiah G.

doi:10.1093/infdis/169.6.1377

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Cytopathic effect (CPE) positive samples were confirmed for measles virus isolation by the direct immunofluorescent test (Denka-Seiken Co. Ltd. Tokyo, Japan). Neutralizing (Nt) antibody titre was determined by the syncytium inhibition assay (SIA) as described by Forthal et al (1994) with some modification. A Zambian strain of measles virus (M-512 strain), which was isolated in this study and passed three times in B95a cells, was used as a challenge virus in the SIA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory diagnosis of acute measles infections in hospitalized children in Zambia

Oshitani

Suzuki

Mpabalwani

et al. 1997

Tropical Med Int Health

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SummaryLaboratory diagnosis of measles infection is rarely performed in developing countries and tends to depend on clinical symptoms alone. We evaluated detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies for confirmation of acute measles infection in Zambia. In 149 hospitalized children with clinical diagnosis of measles, IgM antibodies were detected in 88.6% (132/149). The IgM-positive rate increased with time after onset of skin rash and all samples were positive after 4 days. In addition to IgM antibody test, virus isolations from throat swabs using B95a cells were also performed. These were positive in only 20.9% (14/67), and both IgM and virus isolation in combination increased the positive rate to 92.5% (62/67). Vaccinated children had higher neutralizing (Nt) antibody responses and, among IgM-negative patients, all 4 vaccinated children had high Nt antibodies while all 10 unvaccinated children had negative or low Nt results. The IgM antibody test was proved to be a sensitive method for laboratory confirmation of measles virus infection in developing countries.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory diagnosis of acute measles infections in hospitalized children in Zambia

Oshitani

Suzuki

Mpabalwani

et al. 1997

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…In adults with acute measles, titer changes (between specimens obtained) in ADCC titers but not CDL or neutralizing titers correlated with reduction in viremia (5). In neonatal HSV infection, high levels of maternal or neonatal anti-HSV ADCC antibodies and neonatal neutralizing antibodies were shown to correlate independently with an absence of disseminated infection (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…ADCC antibody responses in other acute self-limited viral infections such as measles and herpes simplex viruses (HSV) suggest that ADCC may play an important role in protection (5,15). In adults with acute measles, titer changes (between specimens obtained) in ADCC titers but not CDL or neutralizing titers correlated with reduction in viremia (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship of Preexisting Influenza Hemagglutination Inhibition, Complement-Dependent Lytic, and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Antibodies to the Development of Clinical Illness in a Prospective Study of A(H1N1)pdm09 Influenza in Children

Terajima

Thomas

et al. 2014

Viral Immunology

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The hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody titer is considered the primary immune correlate of protection for influenza. However, recent studies have highlighted the limitations on the use of the HAI titer as a correlate in at-risk populations such as children and older adults. In addition to the neutralization of cell-free virus by antibodies to hemagglutinin and interference of virus release from infected cells by antibodies to neuraminidase, influenza virus-specific antibodies specifically can bind to infected cells and lyse virus-infected cells through the activation of complement or natural killer (NK) cells, via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) or complement-dependent lysis (CDL). We evaluated preexisting HAI, CDL, and ADCC antibodies in young children enrolled in a prospective cohort study of dengue during the epidemic with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus to determine associations between preexisting antibodies and the occurrence of clinical or subclinical influenza virus infection. Though both preexisting HAI and CDL antibodies were associated with protection against clinical influenza, our data suggested that CDL was not a better correlate than HAI. We found that ADCC antibodies behaved differently from HAI and CDL antibodies. Unlike HAI and CDL antibodies, preexisting ADCC antibodies did not correlate with protection against clinical influenza. In fact, ADCC antibodies were detected more frequently in the clinical influenza group than the subclinical group. In addition, in contrast to HAI and CDL antibodies, HAI and the ADCC antibodies titers did not correlate. We also found that ADCC, but not CDL or HAI antibodies, positively correlated with the ages of the children.

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“…MV neutralization assay. A syncytium inhibition assay was applied to measure neutralizing antibody titers (14). The Schwarz strain of MV was obtained as the Rimevax vaccine (SmithKline Beecham, Madrid, Spain).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measurable parameters of the immune response to MV infection include neutralization by antibody, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity (14,15). The neutralizing antibody titer correlates well with protection from MV infection (6,15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Neutralization of Measles Virus Infectivity and Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Activity against an Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected Cell Line by Intravenous Administration of Immunoglobulin G

Colomar¹,

Puga²,

López

et al. 2003

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Characterization of the specific antimicrobial function of intravenous immunoglobulin G (i.v. IgG) preparations against particular microbial pathogens can assist in determining their therapeutic potential for specific infectious diseases. i.v. IgGs have been reported to contain antibodies directed against several viruses (24). However, the functionality of such antibodies against viral infections remains to be fully characterized.Measles virus (MV) causes an acute disease that still kills more than 1 million children in the less well developed world every year (29). The severity of measles in the young is mainly due to secondary infections (2, 9) as a result of immune suppression. The mechanism of immune suppression is due to apoptosis of infected hemopoietic cells (13) and interference with dendritic and T-cell functions (16).Measurable parameters of the immune response to MV infection include neutralization by antibody, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis, and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity (14, 15). The neutralizing antibody titer correlates well with protection from MV infection (6, 15).NK cell activity is crucial against infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Low NK cell cytotoxic activity is linked with increased human sensitivity to severe disseminating herpesvirus group infections, including those caused by herpes simplex virus (3, 7) and EBV (22,26). ADCC is thought to play a major role in controlling the spread of EBV in an infected individual.The viral membrane glycoprotein gp350/220, which is expressed at the surface of the virus-producing cell, was identified as a target for ADCC reactions (21). Sera from EBVpositive individuals provide antibodies for EBV-specific ADCC reactions (21). In individuals affected by X-linked lymphoproliferative disease, both the spontaneous NK cell cytotoxicity against EBV-infected cells and also EBV-infected cell lysis induced via CD16 are blocked (5,8,28,30,32,34). These individuals have a severe mononucleosis when they are infected with EBV. The gene modified in these patients codes for an NK cell coreceptor that is crucial for activation of cytotoxicity in NK and CD8 ϩ T cells. This demonstrates the importance that cytotoxic responses have for the control of EBV infections.i.v. IgG preparations contain significant levels of anti-MV and anti-EBV antibodies (24). However, the functionality of these antiviral antibodies has not been fully characterized. In the present work we have investigated the capacity of i.v. IgG to neutralize MV infectivity and to activate ADCC activity against an EBV-transformed cell line. The results indicate that i.v. IgG preparations contain a full capacity to neutralize MV and are also able to activate ADCC on lymphocyte preparations against the EBV-infected cell line Raji. MATERIALS AND METHODSReagents. Sorbitol (5%; pH 5 to 6) and human albumin (20%) were provided by Instituto Grifols S.A. (Parets, Spain). Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) and phosphate-buffered salin...

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Measles Virus-Specific Functional Antibody Responses and Viremia during Acute Measles

Cited by 29 publications

References 8 publications

Laboratory diagnosis of acute measles infections in hospitalized children in Zambia

Laboratory diagnosis of acute measles infections in hospitalized children in Zambia

Relationship of Preexisting Influenza Hemagglutination Inhibition, Complement-Dependent Lytic, and Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Antibodies to the Development of Clinical Illness in a Prospective Study of A(H1N1)pdm09 Influenza in Children

Neutralization of Measles Virus Infectivity and Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Activity against an Epstein-Barr Virus-Infected Cell Line by Intravenous Administration of Immunoglobulin G

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