Measurable and Influential Parameters That Influence Corrosion Performance Differences between Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Coating Material Combinations and Model Parent Material Combinations Derived from Epoxy-Amine Matrix Materials

Abstract

Protective coatings are often erroneously thought of as perfect environmental barriers for metal substrates; however, a host of corrosion inducing environmental contaminants permeate through defect-free coatings. Carbon nanotubes are high aspect ratio nanofillers with unique mechanical, electrical, and polymer interaction properties with well-established yet, for practical reasons, often unrealized potential. The research objective was to quantify and understand the influential effects and relationships between low concentration levels of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) dispersed into epoxy-amine matrix materials and the different water hydrogen bonding interactions on corrosion rates of steel substrates. We hypothesize that when water directly hydrogen bonds with polymer, substrate and/or MWCNTS, the localized water's capacity to transfer environmental contaminants through the coating, i.e., to and from the substrate, diminishes due to a reduced potential to contribute to the formation of water hydration shells and therefore aid in diminishing the corrosion rate. We measured the absolute pre-exposure water content, and monitored to delineate between the ratio and shifting ratio of in situ free versus bound water hydrogen bonding interactions at the coating/air interface using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in a 5% NaCl fog environment in an attempt to correlate these differences with experimental corrosion rates. Free water content was reduced from ∼20% to <1% of the total water concentration when 1.0 wt % MWCNTs was dispersed into the parent polymer network. Concurrently, the bound water content was measured to shift from ∼2% to >80% with the same MWCNT concentration. The MWCNT bound water resulted in 25% less corrosion for the same steel substrates albeit the measured water vapor diffusivity was the same for each material combination evaluated. Interestingly, the measured pre-exposure bound water content was predictive of which material would corrode slowest and fastest, i.e., the ratio of starting water states seems to be mechanistically related to the corrosion process and the values have potential to predict corrosion rates for a variety of samples evaluated.

Self-assembly in biobased nanocomposites for multifunctionality and improved performance

“…Diverse nanoparticle identities have been demonstrated for anticorrosion, lling the interstitial spaces of the polymer insulator and preventing ion penetration at the coating-metal interface. A variety of nanoparticles including Fe 3 O 4 , 123 ZnO, 124 clay, 125,126 silica, 109 and carbon nanotubes [127][128][129] have been utilized for anticorrosive applications. In addition, nanoparticles have been widely reported in the introduction of antibacterial activity.…”

Synergistic effect of ultrasonically assisted exfoliated MWCNTs by ZrO2 nanoparticles on thermo-mechanical and anti-corrosive properties of epoxy nanocomposites

“…Results reveal that the incorporation of MWCNTs in the EP matrix changes the hydrophilic nature of neat EP into hydrophobic nature, and the hydrophobicity of nanocomposites increases with higher loading content of CNTs. Curtzwiler et al 23 investigated the effect of MWCNTs on corrosion performance of MWCNT/EP-amine coatings applied on the steel substrate. Incorporating MWCNTs in EP-amine influences and redistributes the water hydrogen bonding states, resulting in a reduced corrosion rate.…”

Nitrile Butadiene Rubber Hydrogenation over a Monolithic Pd/CNTs@Nickel Foam Catalysts: Tunable CNTs Morphology Effect on Catalytic Performance

“…However, all of those structured supports retain considerable amount of micropores that are not accessible to polymer coils. Besides, because of the absence of active species (such as Fe, Co, Ni) in those structured composites, a tedious impregnation–calcination–reduction procedure was needed for CNTs growth, which would adversely impact the adherence between CNTs coatings and the substrate. , …”