Measure It: Proper Wheelchair Fit Is Key to Ensuring Function while Protecting Skin Integrity

Abstract

A variety of problems can arise from sitting persons in poorly fitted wheelchairs, including contractures, pain, and pressure injuries. These complications can result in functional consequences for the patient, such as reduced independence and activity. This article focuses specifically on proper wheelchair fit, describing the impact of proper wheelchair fit on the posture and function of wheelchair users. The author aims to help clinicians better recognize the basic biomechanics of posture, describe the appropriate means to configure a wheelchair to permit proper postural support, and identify common problems arising from improper wheelchair fit. GENERAL PURPOSE To review the biomechanics of posture, appropriate means to configure a wheelchair to permit proper postural support, and common problems arising from improper wheelchair fit. TARGET AUDIENCE This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES After participating in this educational activity, the participant will: 1. Synthesize the concepts influencing proper wheelchair fit. 2. Identify the biomechanics of posture as they apply to wheelchair fit. 3. Summarize the appropriate assessment guidelines for determining and preparing to adjust wheelchair fit.