Measure the dynamics of malaria transmission using entomological approaches at Natitingou, Northern-East of Benin

Abstract

To evaluate the level of malaria transmission at Natitingou Northern-East of Benin, a cross sectional entomological study was carried out from April 2016 to March 2017 in urban and rural areas of this city.Adult mosquitoes were collected in both areas by Human Landing Catch and Indoor Pyrethrum Spray Catches (PSC). Entomological parameters like the human biting rate, the Circunsporizoite protein (CSP) rate and the Entomological Inoculation Rate (EIR) were evaluated. A total of 21,018 mosquitoes were collected where Anopheles spp which contributed to malaria transmission represented 17.09%. The highest bites of An. gambiae s.l. during the rainy season was found in August at urban (33.75bites/p/n) and rural (25.83 bites/p/n) but, there is no significant different between the average HBR of An. gambiae s.l. in urban area (11.41 bites/p/n) and in the rural area (8.21 bites/p/n) (P>0.05). Transmission was high during the rainy season (June to November) and low during the dry season (December to May) and was vehicle by An. gambiae Colluzzi (65%). and An. arabiensis (35%). The EIR was significantly higher in the dry season in urban area (0.125bi/p/n) than in rural area (0.021 bi/p/n) (P < 0.05). However, during the rainy season, there was no significant difference between the EIR from urban and rural areas (P > 0.05). These findings showed that malaria is permanent at Natitingou both in urban and in rural area and was vehicle by An. Coluzzi and An. Arabiensis. These results will be useful to implement a strategy against malaria in this city.