Measured and estimated ground reaction forces for multi-segment foot models

Bruening, Dustin A.; Cooney, Kevin M.; Buczek, Frank L.; Richards, James G.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.08.003

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…And finally, the tangential components of the ground reaction force were neglected. Anyway, their effect on the flexion moments is small because their magnitudes are much smaller than those of the normal component [32] and also the moment arms, as we checked (results not shown for brevity), so that the moment graphs reported here for the normal FPI sample are very close to those reported in previous works [33] that took into account the tangential components.…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

Effect of static foot posture on the dynamic stiffness of foot joints during walking

et al. 2018

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This study aimed to analyse the dynamic stiffness of foot joints during gait in the sagittal plane in feet with different static foot postures. Seventy healthy adult male subjects with different static postures, assessed by the Foot Posture Index (FPI) (30 normal, 20 highly pronated and 20 highly supinated), were recruited. Kinematic and kinetic data were recorded using an optical motion capture system and a pressure platform, and dynamic stiffness at the different stages of the stance was calculated from the slopes of the linear regression on the flexion moment-angle curves. The effect of foot type on dynamic stiffness and on ranges of motion and moments was analysed using ANOVAs and post-hoc tests, and linear correlation between dynamic stiffness and FPI was also tested. Highly pronated feet showed a significantly smaller range of motion at the ankle and metatarsophalangeal joints and also a larger range of moments at the metatarsophalangeal joint than highly supinated feet. Dynamic stiffness during propulsion was significantly greater at all foot joints for highly pronated feet, with positive significant correlations, although small, with the squared FPI. Highly supinated feet showed greater dynamic stiffness than normal feet, although to a lesser extent. Highly pronated feet during normal gait experienced greatest decrease in the dorsiflexor moments during propulsion. Normal feet were found to be the most balanced regarding work generated and absorbed.

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confidence: 81%

Effect of static foot posture on the dynamic stiffness of foot joints during walking

et al. 2018

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“…Kinematic multi-segment foot models have been increasingly used in clinical gait analysis and human movement research; however, the addition of kinetics to multi-segment foot modeling has been limited and hampered by force measurement limitations [1][2][3] and unproven modeling assumptions [4]. Scott and Winter [5] created an early kinetic model, calculating moments for eight separate foot joints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sixteen markers were used to create eight segments, requiring many assumptions on joint motion. To measure subarea forces, pressure and force data from separate trials were combined using an estimation method [1,3], and the mediolateral forces between segments were neglected when calculating joint moments [2]. Given the limitations in repeatability and force measurement technology, these models may be too complex for use in clinical analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a kinetic multi-segment foot model part II: Kinetics and clinical implications

2012

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Kinematic multi-segment foot models have seen increased use in clinical and research settings, but the addition of kinetics has been limited and hampered by measurement limitations and modeling assumptions. In this second of two companion papers, we complete the presentation and analysis of a three segment kinetic foot model by incorporating kinetic parameters and calculating joint moments and powers. The model was tested on 17 pediatric subjects (ages 7-18 years) during normal gait. Ground reaction forces were measured using two adjacent force platforms, requiring targeted walking and the creation of two sub-models to analyze ankle, midtarsal, and 1st metatarsophalangeal joints. Targeted walking resulted in only minimal kinematic and kinetic differences compared with walking at self selected speeds. Joint moments and powers were calculated and ensemble averages are presented as a normative database for comparison purposes. Ankle joint powers are shown to be overestimated when using a traditional single-segment foot model, as substantial angular velocities are attributed to the mid-tarsal joint. Power transfer is apparent between the 1st metatarsophalangeal and mid-tarsal joints in terminal stance/pre-swing. While the measurement approach presented here is limited to clinical populations with only minimal impairments, some elements of the model can also be incorporated into routine clinical gait analysis.

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“…Focus has shifted from equipment accuracy and resolution [1,2] to model repeatability [3][4][5][6], replication [5,7,8], and clinical application [9][10][11][12][13]. While kinematic analysis is now commonplace, the few models that have incorporated kinetics [14,15] have been hampered by excessive assumptions and equipment limitations [16][17][18]. Anatomically meaningful reference frames that move with the segments of interest are sufficient for kinematics, whereas kinetic analysis additionally requires joint center definitions, segment inertial properties, ground reaction forces applied to separate segments of the foot, and a characterization of each segment's rigidity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a kinetic multi-segment foot model. Part I: Model repeatability and kinematic validity

Bruening¹,

Cooney²,

Buczek³

2012

Gait & Posture

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Kinematic multi-segment foot models are still evolving, but have seen increased use in clinical and research settings. The addition of kinetics may increase knowledge of foot and ankle function as well as influence multi-segment foot model evolution; however, previous kinetic models are too complex for clinical use. In this study we present a three-segment kinetic foot model and thorough evaluation of model performance during normal gait. In this first of two companion papers, model reference frames and joint centers are analyzed for repeatability, joint translations are measured, segment rigidity characterized, and sample joint angles presented. Within-tester and between-tester repeatability were first assessed using 10 healthy pediatric participants, while kinematic parameters were subsequently measured on 17 additional healthy pediatric participants. Repeatability errors were generally low for all sagittal plane measures as well as transverse plane Hindfoot and Forefoot segments (median<3°), while the least repeatable orientations were the Hindfoot coronal plane and Hallux transverse plane. Joint translations were generally less than 2mm in any one direction, while segment rigidity analysis suggested rigid body behavior for the Shank and Hindfoot, with the Forefoot violating the rigid body assumptions in terminal stance/pre-swing. Joint excursions were consistent with previously published studies.

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Measured and estimated ground reaction forces for multi-segment foot models

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Effect of static foot posture on the dynamic stiffness of foot joints during walking

Effect of static foot posture on the dynamic stiffness of foot joints during walking

Analysis of a kinetic multi-segment foot model part II: Kinetics and clinical implications

Analysis of a kinetic multi-segment foot model. Part I: Model repeatability and kinematic validity

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