Measured and Parameterized Energy Fluxes Estimated for Atlantic Transects of R/V Polarstern

Abstract

Sensible and latent heat fluxes were estimated from turbulence measurements gathered during several Atlantic Ocean transects of the research vessel (R/V) Polarstern. The inertial dissipation method was used to analyze the data. Resulting bulk transfer coefficients were then applied to the data from the ship's meteorological system to get continuous time series of the heat fluxes. Combined with the measured downward solar and longwave radiation fluxes it allows for an estimate of the total energy budget at the air-sea interface. Comparing these parameterized energy fluxes to those based on the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment, version 3 (COARE3.0), bulk flux algorithm shows very strong agreement.

Decomposition of Random Errors Inherent to HOAPS-3.2 Near-Surface Humidity Estimates Using Multiple Triple Collocation Analysis

“…An average ship-based q a measurement height of 18 m was chosen . Over the Baltic Sea, which is representative of an extratropical ocean basin, the absolute q a correction to 10 m results in an increase of only 0.1 6 0.2 g kg 21 [full stability correction; 0.1 6 0.1 g kg 21 (neutral stability correction)], performed on the basis of a turbulence algorithm without SST correction (Bumke et al 2014). This correction-induced q a increase lies within the uncertainty range suggested by Kent et al (2014).…”

Validation of ERA-Interim Precipitation Estimates over the Baltic Sea

“…Stability was derived by applying two bulk parameterization schemes [23,24]. Furthermore, ERA-Interim 2 m temperatures were used to eliminate measurements of solid precipitation, as mentioned above.…”

“…We extracted air pressure p, air temperature T, dew point temperature Td, sea surface temperature SST, and wind speed u data to estimate stability and latent heat flux independently of the ERA-Interim data. A stability-dependent height correction was applied to air temperature, specific humidity, and wind speed using a bulk flux scheme [23]. Since individual measurement heights are not available in the data, we assume an average measurement height of 18 m [25].…”

“…Stability, expressed in terms of the Monin-Obukhov stability parameter [28], and latent heat fluxes were derived from air temperature, humidity, wind speed, air pressure, and SST by applying a bulk scheme [23]. Input parameters are taken from observations of the SWA-dataset and the ERA-Interim reanalysis data.…”

Similarity analysis of turbulent transport and dissipation for momentum, temperature, moisture, and CO<sub>2</sub> during BLLAST

“…While the parameterizations for the mechanical and thermodynamical production terms are well-established for different budget equations (Högström, 1996;Foken, 2006;Wyngaard and Coté, 1971), little is known about the transport components due to inherent difficulties of measuring the pressure and the third-order moments of other variables. Thus, transport terms are usually neglected (Fairall and Larsen, 1986;Hartogensis and Bruin, 2005;Bumke et al, 2014) or 45 treated as a residual term in the budget equations (Yelland and Taylor, 1996;Dupuis et al, 1997;Nilsson et al, 2015).…”