Measured and predicted fluxes of biogenic silica in Lake Michigan1

Schelske, Claire L.; Eadie, Brian J.; Krausse, Gerald L.

doi:10.4319/lo.1984.29.1.0099

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Where such measurements are used to estimate silica fluxes (e .g . Parker et al, 1977 ;Flower, 1980;Schelske et al ., 1984) results will probably underestimate true values . Additionally, method error will be further exaggerated by natural dissolution processes .…”

Section: Laboratory Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diatom preservation: experiments and observations on dissolution and breakage in modern and fossil material

Flower

1993

Hydrobiologia

134

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Selected aspects of diatom preservation in both laboratory and field environments are examined with a view to improving techniques and to help understand why only some lake sediments have good diatom preservation .Laboratory measurements of biogenic silica following diatom dissolution by alkali digestion are questioned because results are shown to be dependant on initial sample size . Diatom breakage experiments identified drying carbonate rich sediment as a major cause of fragmentation of the large robust diatom Campylodiscus clypeus Ehrenb . Diatom dissolution experiments in carbonate media indicated that carbonate rich lakes should preserve diatoms better in order of the particular alkali metal type (Ca> Mg> Na) . A preliminary assessment of the role of depth in diatom preservation is made for Lake Baikal where partly dissolved Cyclotella are more common in deep water surface sediments . The effect of time on diatom dissolution is examined in a saline lake sediment core and by comparing dissolution rates of recent and geologically old diatom samples in the laboratory . A simple link between diatom dissolution and sample age was not established . Factors thought to be important in controlling diatom preservation in lake sediments are discussed .

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Section: Laboratory Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diatom preservation: experiments and observations on dissolution and breakage in modern and fossil material

Flower

1993

Hydrobiologia

134

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“…Net diatom production can be estimated indirectly from the disappearance of dissolved and biogenic silica from the water column as described by Schelske et al (1984). Annual net diatom production in g .…”

Section: Diatom Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…m-2 yr-', were from sediments in the highly productive western basin of Lake Erie and Saginaw Bay. Schelske et al (1984) estimated net production of biogenic silica in Lake Michigan from the beginning of the annual diatom production cycle to the end of the summer stratification period (see Eqn. 5).…”

Section: Sediment Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These deep lakes also are holomictic so homogeneous silica concentrations occur annually during the winter-spring thermal mixing period. Annual net diatom production therefore can be estimated indirectly from silica disappearance in the water column without correcting for inputs from upwelling, sediments, or tributaries except in the relatively small nearshore zone (Schelske et al, 1984). These conditions contrast markedly with those in shallow fresh-water systems (Bailey-Watts, 1976), estuarine systems (D'Elia et al, 1983), and nearshore Lake Michigan (Quigley and Robbins, 1984) where sediment release is important on time scales that are much shorter than one year and from large, shallow Canadian lakes which have maximum diatom production in late summer and autumn (Hecky et al in prep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biogeochemical silica mass balances in Lake Michigan and Lake Superior

Schelske

1985

Biogeochemistry

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Silica budgets for Lake Michigan and Lake Superior differ in several respects. Mass balance calculations for both lakes agree with previous studies in that permanent burial of biogenic silica in sediments may be only about 5% of the biogenic silica produced by diatoms. Because dissolution rates are large, good estimates of permanent burial of diatoms can not be obtained indirectly from the internal cycle of silica (silica uptake by diatoms and subsequent dissolution) but must be obtained from the sediment stratigraphy. The annual net production of biogenic silica in Lake Michigan requires 71% of the winter maximum silica reservoir which must be maintained primarily by internal cycling in this large lake whereas the comparable silica demand in Lake Superior is only 8.3%. The greater silica demand in Lake Michigan is the result of phosphorus enrichment which has increased diatom production. It is hypothesized that steady-state silica dynamics in Lake Michigan were disrupted by increased diatom production between 1955 and 1970 and that a new steady state based on silica-limited diatom production developed after 1970. Mass balance calculations for Lake Michigan show in contrast with previous work that the hypothesized water column silica depletion of 3.0g. m-"could have occuned even though 90% or more of the biogenic silica production is recycled.

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“…Biogenous particles due to microorganisms were evaluated by measuring the contents of chlorophyll a or particulatetype organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (Matsunaga 1982;Nozaki et al 1995), whereas autogenous particles due to hydrous metal oxides were assessed by measuring iron and/or manganese, which were extractable with dilute mineral acids containing reducing regents (Tsunogai et al 1979;Ruttenberg 1992;Noriki et al 1997). Biogenous particles due to diatoms were assessed by measuring silicates that were solubilized with dilute alkaline solutions (Schelske et al 1984;Miyajima et al 1995). In addition, Sholkovitz and Copland (1982) fractionated by calculation a selection of elements contained in particulate matter collected from Esthwaite Water (English Lake District, UK) into two groups, one contained in terrigenous particles and one contained in other particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental chemistry of rivers and lakes, Part VII. Fractionation by calculation of suspended particulate matter in Lake Biwa into three types of particles of different origins

2001

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During the period from July 1992 to March 1995, suspended particulate matter in Lake Biwa was collected at 1-month intervals, and the contents of Al, Si, and P were determined. Based on the analytical data, the particulate matter was fractionated by calculation into three types of particles of different origins: particles of terrigenous origin, particles of diatom origin, and particles due to microorganisms except for diatoms. The relative abundance of the respective particles was featured in water depth-time (month) diagrams, with contours in terms of weight per liter of lake water. As a result, the characteristic distributions of the particles were revealed, and their inherent roles in natural purification were distinguished from each other. Of the three types of particles, the particles of diatom origin were anticipated to be the principal scavengers not only of nutritious elements of silicon and phosphorus, but also of various metal ions dissolved in the lake.

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Measured and predicted fluxes of biogenic silica in Lake Michigan1

Cited by 22 publications

References 19 publications

Diatom preservation: experiments and observations on dissolution and breakage in modern and fossil material

Diatom preservation: experiments and observations on dissolution and breakage in modern and fossil material

Biogeochemical silica mass balances in Lake Michigan and Lake Superior

Environmental chemistry of rivers and lakes, Part VII. Fractionation by calculation of suspended particulate matter in Lake Biwa into three types of particles of different origins

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