Measured and Simulated Energy Use in a Secondary School Building in Sweden—A Case Study of Validation, Airing, and Occupancy Behaviour

Englund, Jessika Steen; Cehlin, Mathias; Akander, Jan; Moshfegh, Bahram

doi:10.3390/en13092325

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Solar shading and airing are another two user-related parameters that contribute to the building energy use, but these were not investigated in this paper, as measuring equipment for these two parameters had not been installed in the studied schools. Englund et al [26] proposed a method for modelling the airing of school classrooms that could be used in future research.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of User-Related Parameters on Calculated Energy Use in Low-Energy School Buildings

et al. 2020

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Literature and experience show that there are large discrepancies between the calculated and measured building energy usages, where user-related parameters are significant factors with regard to energy use in low-energy buildings. Furthermore, the difficulties encountered when quantifying these parameters compound these discrepancies. The main aim of this study was to provide feedback that would help the building industry and research communities to predict more accurately the impact of the user-related parameters on energy performance. The results of the study would, subsequently, contribute to minimizing the discrepancies between calculated and measured energy use. This article analyses simulated building energy use based on randomly chosen combinations of measured user-related parameters in three recently built low-energy schools in Sweden. The results show that energy performance can span from 30 to 160 kWh/(m² y) simply by varying the combination of previously measured user-related parameters in building energy simulations. The study shows that the set points for indoor air temperatures during the heating season and the energy required to run a demand-controlled ventilation system have an extensive influence, while tenant electricity use has a slightly lower influence on building energy use. Variations in occupancy rates and energy for hot water usage have the smallest influences on building energy use.

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Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of User-Related Parameters on Calculated Energy Use in Low-Energy School Buildings

et al. 2020

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“…However, IDA-ICE has been validated according to CEN standards EN 15255-2007, 15265-2007 and 13791, as well as ASHRAE Standard 140-2004. It has also been validated with reliable results in many field and in-situ studies during the years since its release in 1998, both for office buildings as well as other buildings [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Building Energy Simulation and Validationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects on Energy Demand in an Office Building Considering Location, Orientation, Façade Design and Internal Heat Gains—A Parametric Study

et al. 2020

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12.9% of the energy use in the EU originates from the commercial and public sector. It has therefore become a priority to optimize energy efficiency in these buildings. The purpose of this study has been to explore how energy demand in a new office building is affected by different internal heat gains, location, orientation, and façade design, and also to see how different indicators can change perspective on energy efficiency. The study was performed with simulations in IDA-ICE with different façade design and changes in internal heat gains (IHG), orientation, and location. Energy demand was then compared to two different indicators. Using a façade designed to lower solar heat gains had little effect on energy demand in the north of Sweden, but slightly more effect further south. The amount of internal heat gains had significant effect on energy demand. Making deeper studies on design and internal heat gains should therefore be prioritized in the beginning of new building projects so the most energy-efficient design can be chosen. When the indicator kWh/m2 was used, the cases with low internal heat gains were perceived as the most energy efficient, while when kWh/(m2 × hpers) (hpers = hours of use) was used, the cases with high occupancy and low electricity use were considered to be the most energy efficient. Therefore, revising the standardized indicator is of great importance.

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“…), and exterior solar protection (roller blinds, shutters, etc.). As suggested by Steen Englund et al [10], in their field and simulation study in a Swedish school, in case of building renovation, windows can also be part of the solution. But the significance of such elements has even more importance in the case of constructive elements of poor quality, e.g., poor-quality windows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Market-Oriented Cost-Effectiveness and Energy Analysis of Windows in Portugal

et al. 2021

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Glazed systems in buildings can account for a significant part of overall energy consumption. The unfavorable relationship between energy savings and the increased cost of energy-efficient windows is often the main drawback cited by customers to justify its non-acquisition. of glazed windows. This study addresses the relationship between the investment costs in windows and their energy performance and associated costs. Seventeen window manufacturers were contacted. This survey studied the state-of-the-art and the most-used windows in terms of energy efficiency and cost. Calumen and Guardian Configurator software were used to perform this assessment. Additionally, SEnergEd software was used to simulate the energy performance and compute the equivalent annual cost for the entire life cycle of buildings. Besides the economic benefits, the impact of the energy performance of the windows on the energy performance of the building was also studied. In terms of energy, the most efficient glazing system was two windows per span, resulting in a combined solar factor of 0.43 and a 0.55 W/(m2·K) heat-transfer coefficient. On the other hand, one window per span, with a solar factor of 0.79 and a 3.05 W/(m2 K) heat-transfer coefficient is the most cost-efficient to be used in Portugal.

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Measured and Simulated Energy Use in a Secondary School Building in Sweden—A Case Study of Validation, Airing, and Occupancy Behaviour

Cited by 18 publications

References 19 publications

Influence of User-Related Parameters on Calculated Energy Use in Low-Energy School Buildings

Influence of User-Related Parameters on Calculated Energy Use in Low-Energy School Buildings

Effects on Energy Demand in an Office Building Considering Location, Orientation, Façade Design and Internal Heat Gains—A Parametric Study

Market-Oriented Cost-Effectiveness and Energy Analysis of Windows in Portugal

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