Measured extent of agricultural expansion depends on analysis technique

Dunn, Jennifer B.; Merz, Dylan; Copenhaver, Ken; Mueller, Steffen

doi:10.1002/bbb.1750

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Others include the Forest Service's Forest Inventory Assessment, the USDA's Natural Resources Inventory, and the US Geological Survey's National Land Cover Database. Focusing on 20 counties in the Prairie Pothole Region between 2004 and 2014, Dunn et al [18] show that estimates of conversions of grassland, forest, and wetlands to cropland vary significantly depending on the land cover product and analytical techniques used.…”

Section: Domestic Land-use Changementioning

confidence: 99%

The greenhouse gas benefits of corn ethanol – assessing recent evidence

et al. 2019

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In 2010, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a life-cycle analysis of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with the production and combustion of corn ethanol. EPA projected that by 2022, the emissions profile of corn ethanol from a new refinery would be 21% lower than that of an energy equivalent quantity of gasoline. Since 2010, the 21% value has dominated policy discussions and federal regulations related to corn ethanol as a renewable fuel and a GHG mitigation option. It is now 2018 and new data, scientific studies, technical reports, and other information allow us to examine the emissions pathway corn-ethanol has actually followed since 2010. Using this information, we assess corn ethanol's current GHG profile at 39-43% lower than gasoline. We also develop two projected emissions scenarios for corn ethanol in 2022. These scenarios highlight opportunities to produce ethanol with emissions that are 47.0-70.0% lower than gasoline. Many countries are now developing or revising renewable energy policies. Typically, biofuel substitutes for gasoline are required to reduce GHG emissions by more than 21%. Our results could help position U.S. corn ethanol to compete in these new and growing markets.

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Section: Domestic Land-use Changementioning

confidence: 99%

The greenhouse gas benefits of corn ethanol – assessing recent evidence

et al. 2019

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“…Given this lack of evaluation, several articles have questioned the reliability of analyses that use CDL data to identify recent agricultural trends, citing concerns about both the CDL's accuracy and its appropriateness for measuring changes to the landscape [35][36][37][38][39][40]. Such critiques often cite low reported accuracies for the CDLs when mapping certain crops in specific regions or when depicting nonagricultural land covers such as grasslands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy, Bias, and Improvements in Mapping Crops and Cropland across the United States Using the USDA Cropland Data Layer

2021

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The U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Cropland Data Layer (CDL) is a 30 m resolution crop-specific land cover map produced annually to assess crops and cropland area across the conterminous United States. Despite its prominent use and value for monitoring agricultural land use/land cover (LULC), there remains substantial uncertainty surrounding the CDLs’ performance, particularly in applications measuring LULC at national scales, within aggregated classes, or changes across years. To fill this gap, we used state- and land cover class-specific accuracy statistics from the USDA from 2008 to 2016 to comprehensively characterize the performance of the CDL across space and time. We estimated nationwide area-weighted accuracies for the CDL for specific crops as well as for the aggregated classes of cropland and non-cropland. We also derived and reported new metrics of superclass accuracy and within-domain error rates, which help to quantify and differentiate the efficacy of mapping aggregated land use classes (e.g., cropland) among constituent subclasses (i.e., specific crops). We show that aggregate classes embody drastically higher accuracies, such that the CDL correctly identifies cropland from the user's perspective 97% of the time or greater for all years since nationwide coverage began in 2008. We also quantified the mapping biases of specific crops throughout time and used these data to generate independent bias-adjusted crop area estimates, which may complement other USDA survey- and census-based crop statistics. Our overall findings demonstrate that the CDLs provide highly accurate annual measures of crops and cropland areas, and when used appropriately, are an indispensable tool for monitoring changes to agricultural landscapes.

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“…Increasing worldwide population have led to the large scale expansion of agriculture production to meet the demands for food and bioenergy. [ 1 ] These agroindustrial by‐products such as waste cooking oil (WCO) are hydrophobic in nature and have a slow degradation time. Up to 10 million tons of WCO is produced in the USA, while 5 million tons of WCO is produced in China each year.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Free Fatty Acids Reduction in Waste Cooking Oil by Rhodosporidium toruloides and Simultaneous Carotenoids, Lipids, and PAL Enzyme Production in a Two‐Phase Culture System

Lee

Lyu

et al. 2021

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Waste cooking oil (WCO) is a problematic waste product that contains free fatty acids (FFAs), preventing it from being valorized easily as biodiesel and poses an environmental hazard if incorrectly disposed. The use of WCO as a carbon source for Rhodosporidium toruloides (R. toruloides) using a two‐phase culture system is developed. The normal growth of R. toruloides when cultured in WCO (OD600 52) reveals its ability to use a hydrophobic substrate as the carbon source compared to glucose (OD600 51.9). Interestingly, the extracellular lipase activity when R. toruloides is grown on WCO is 14.4 U mL−1 compared to when grown on glucose (2.4 U mL−1). Additionally, FFA levels in WCO are reduced from 2% to 0.2% at end of fermentation, suggesting that R. toruloides can consume FFA. Furthermore, higher yield of beneficial products: β‐carotene (4.57 µg mL−1), torularhodin (4.2 µg mL−1), fatty acids (1 mg mL−1), and phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) enzyme (0.12 µmol mg−1) are produced when WCO is the carbon source, compared to glucose (4.1 µg mL−1 β‐carotene, 3.0 µg mL−1 torularhodin, 1 mg mL−1 of fatty acids, and 0.096 µmol mg−1 PAL enzyme). This is a first study that shows R. toruloides can grow on hydrophobic carbon source.

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Measured extent of agricultural expansion depends on analysis technique

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

The greenhouse gas benefits of corn ethanol – assessing recent evidence

The greenhouse gas benefits of corn ethanol – assessing recent evidence

Accuracy, Bias, and Improvements in Mapping Crops and Cropland across the United States Using the USDA Cropland Data Layer

Free Fatty Acids Reduction in Waste Cooking Oil by Rhodosporidium toruloides and Simultaneous Carotenoids, Lipids, and PAL Enzyme Production in a Two‐Phase Culture System

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