Measured molecular coherent scattering form factors of animal tissues, plastics and human breast tissue

Abstract

Photon scattering angular distributions from various animal tissues were measured at two energies of a monochromatic synchrotron x-ray beam. Two plastics and human breast tissue were also measured. From these two measurements, the molecular coherent scattering form factor of each material was extracted. A new data analysis technique that uses Monte Carlo based corrections for air scattering, incoherent scattering and multiple scattering was used. The form factors of the 16 materials are presented in tabular form, suitable for use in computer calculations.

Koherent saçılma üzerine moleküler girişimin etkisi

“…Comparison between experimental and theoretical molecular form factors for liver. The F(x) is experimental data of Peplow and Verghese [10] and King et al [11]. The f(x) is theoretical data calculated in this study with independent atomic modeling (IAM).…”

“…For most composite materials, the atomic abundances are not known so the molecular coherent scatter FF can be expressed [2,6,10,[37][38][39] without knowing the molecular formula by using the free atom model:…”

CTmod—A toolkit for Monte Carlo simulation of projections including scatter in computed tomography

“…where x = E/(hc) sin (θ/2) is a parameter related to the momentum transfer of the interaction [22,23], F m (x) is the molecular form factor of material with index m, r e is the classical electron radius, h is the Planck's constant, and c is the speed of light. Persliden's combined method [7] is used: The parameter x is obtained via the inverse method, the corresponding scattering angle θ is then tested for acceptance using the function (1 + cos 2 θ)/2.…”

“…where d is the the distance between the source and point detector positions r s and r d , respectively, s Ω,E is the source intensity, µ is the linear attenuation coefficient, Ω d is the direction from the source to the point detector, and X is defined in connection to (23). The statistical weight w is defined in connection to (16).…”

Clinical study in phase- contrast mammography: image-quality analysis

“…There are fundamental differences between in vitro and in vivo studies related not only to the limitations in glandular dose and acquisition time but also owing to the tissue property changes, before and after excision, such as the presence/absence of blood, fixation solution [10,11], tissue hydration, etc. Therefore, clinical trials are crucial steps for the evaluation of any new diagnostic imaging technique.…”