Measured performance of 12 demonstration projects—IEA Task 13 “advanced solar low energy buildings”

Thomsen, Kirsten Engelund; Schultz, Jørgen Munthe; Poel, Bart

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.01.036

Cited by 57 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Other analyses show a similar although lesser tendency . In a study of neighbourhoods of what Thomsen et al (2005) called advanced solar low energy buildings, heating energy consumption in German homes was measured to be twice as high as the EPR. Greller et al (2010) investigated the actual heating energy consumption in German buildings according to year of build, and found that as thermal standards have tightened more and more in recent years, an increasingly larger proportion of new builds has failed to achieve the required thermal standard.…”

Section: The Actual Measured Energy Consumption In German Dwellingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing the prebound effect: the gap between performance and actual energy consumption

Sunikka-Blank

Galvin

2012

Building Research & Information

513

203

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German regulations for the thermal renovation of existing homes demand high thermal standards, which the government claims are technically and economically feasible. This paper examines existing data on 3400 German homes; their calculated energy performance ratings (EPR) are then plotted against the actual measured consumption. The results indicate that occupants consume, on average, 30% less heating energy than the calculated rating. This phenomenon is identified as the 'prebound' effect and increases with the calculated rating. The opposite phenomenon, the rebound effect, tends to occur for low-energy dwellings, where occupants consume more than the rating. A similar phenomenon has been recognized in recent Dutch, Belgian, French and UK studies, suggesting policy implications in two directions. Firstly, using a dwelling's energy rating to predict fuel and CO 2 savings through retrofits tends to overestimate savings, underestimate the payback time and possibly discourage cost-effective, incremental improvements. Secondly, the potential fuel and CO 2 savings through non-technical measures such as occupant behaviour may well be far larger than is generally assumed in policies so policy-makers need a better understanding of what drives or inhibits occupants' decisions.Keywords: building performance, thermal retrofits, climate policy, energy rating, energy policy, energy use behaviour La réglementation allemande relative à la rénovation thermique des logements existants exige des normes thermiques élevées, que le gouvernement prétend être techniquement et économiquement applicables. Cet article examine les données existantes sur 3400 logements allemands; leurs classes d'efficacité énergétique (CEE) calculées sont ensuite comparées à la consommation réelle mesurée. Les résultats indiquent que les occupants consomment, en moyenne, 30 % d'énergie de chauffage en moins que la classe calculée. Ce phénomène est identifié en raison de l'accroissement de l'effet de « pré-bond » avec la classe calculée. Le phénomène opposé, l'effet de rebond, tend à se produire dans les logements à basse consommation d'énergie, dans lesquels les occupants ont une consommation supérieure à la classe. Un phénomène similaire a été reconnu dans des études récentes néerlandaises, belges, françaises et britanniques, suggérant des implications en termes de politiques dans deux directions. En premier lieu, l'utilisation de la classe énergétique d'un logement pour prévoir les économies de combustible et de CO 2 pouvant être obtenues grâ ce à des rénovations a tendance à surestimer les économies, à sous-estimer le délai d'amortissement et éventuellement à dissuader d'effectuer des améliorations incrémentielles rentables. En second lieu, les économies potentielles de combustible et de CO 2 pouvant être obtenues par des mesures non techniques telles que le comportement des occupants peuvent se révéler être bien plus importantes que cela n'est supposé en règle générale dans les politiques, de sorte que les décideurs ont besoin de mieux comprendre ce qui...

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Section: The Actual Measured Energy Consumption In German Dwellingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing the prebound effect: the gap between performance and actual energy consumption

Sunikka-Blank

Galvin

2012

Building Research & Information

513

203

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Other projects monitoring real installation do, however, show discrepancies between real measurements and expectations. Thomsen et al [21] in a report studying energy performance of 12 demonstration low-energy buildings, found that two of the solar thermal installations presented low efficiency, one of the systems studied showing a low performance because of the simple error of a valve never being re-opened after maintenance. Wall [22] presented measured results of the energy performance of terrace houses in Sweden, showing a solar output for hot water to be nearly 30% less than expected at design stage.…”

Section: Monitoring Energy Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Net energy analysis of domestic solar water heating installations in operation

Hernández

Kenny

2012

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

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The potential of solar water heating systems to reduce domestic energy use is frequently acknowledged. However there are two factors that are rarely discussed when studying this technology. Firstly the real performance of the installed systems in operation, and secondly a life cycle perspective of its energy use. These two issues are reviewed in this paper, and a field study in Ireland is also presented. In the review, some studies show that measured real performance of domestic solar water heating systems can be lower than expectations. Concerning their life cycle energy performance, existing studies show that the initial energy investment for the systems (their embodied energy) is a small portion of the energy savings over their lifetime with calculation paybacks generally lower than 2 years. On the field study carried in Ireland, representative of a maritime north European climate, the 'energy payback' based on the expected energy savings is between 1.2 and 3.5 years, values comparable to previous studies considering the less favourable climate and installation characteristics. However the measured energy savings generally worsened the life cycle energy performance of this technology and thus increased the energy payback period. The study concludes that while there is a real potential for life cycle energy savings through domestic solar water heating installations, devising mechanisms to ensure proper design, installation and operation of systems is essential for this technology. Introduction: the potential of domestic solar water heatingEnergy consumption in residential buildings represents a large portion of global energy use, approximately 25% of total primary energy use in the European Union [1]. Water heating was responsible for around a quarter of that energy use [2]. Domestic Solar Water Heating (DSWH) is a well-proven technology used to reduce the energy demand for providing domestic hot water, and its potential to largely reduce domestic energy use is frequently acknowledged [3][4][5][6].

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“…Effective reporting of results is central to the public goods that projects provide (Frishammar et al, 2015), especially in that it allows for performance review (Thomsen et al, 2005). But firms have incentives to make the new knowl-edge proprietary (Lefevre, 1984) and lack of codification can lead to its depreciation (Grubler and Nemet, 2014).…”

Section: Knowledge Dissemination: While Generating New Knowledge Is Amentioning

confidence: 99%

The Valley of Death, the Technology Pork Barrel, and Public Support for Large Demonstration Projects

2016

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractMoving non-incremental innovations from the pilot scale to full commercial scale raises questions about the need and implementation of public support. Heuristics from the literature put policy makers in a dilemma between addressing a market failure and acknowledging a government failure: incentives for private investments in large scale demonstrations are weak (the valley of death) but the track record of governance in large demonstration projects is poor (the technology pork barrel). We reassess these arguments in the literature, particularly as to how they apply to supporting demonstration projects for decarbonizing industry. Conditions for the valley of death exist with: low appropriability, large chunky investments, unproven reliability, and uncertain future markets. We build a data set of 511 demonstration projects in nine technology areas and code characteristics for each project, including timing, motivations, and scale. We argue that the literature and the results from the case studies have five main implications for policy makers in making decisions about demonstration support. Policy makers should consider: 1) prioritizing learning, 2) iterative upscaling, 3) private sector engagement, 4) broad knowledge dissemination, and 5) making demand pull robust.

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Measured performance of 12 demonstration projects—IEA Task 13 “advanced solar low energy buildings”

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Introducing the prebound effect: the gap between performance and actual energy consumption

Introducing the prebound effect: the gap between performance and actual energy consumption

Net energy analysis of domestic solar water heating installations in operation

The Valley of Death, the Technology Pork Barrel, and Public Support for Large Demonstration Projects

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