Measurement and analysis of human exposure to electromagnetic fields in the GSM band

Pasquino, Nicola

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2017.06.003

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The influence of the SWT parameter according to the amount of traffic was also assessed by applying the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method [36]. Table IV shows the values of the Fisher statistics (F-value) and the probabilities (p-value) of obtaining F-values lower than the critical value that were calculated from the power levels received when downloading each type of file using the selected SWTs (2.5 ms and 10 ms).…”

Section: B Results Obtained For Different Wifi Data Traffic Situationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Methodology for Determining the Optimal Frequency Domain Configuration to Accurately Record WiFi Exposure Levels

Fernández

Guerra

Gil

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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Radiofrequency fields are usually measured in order to be compared with electromagnetic exposure limits defined by international standardization organizations with the aim of preserving the human health. However, in the case of WiFi technology, accurate measurement of the radiation coming from user terminals and access points is a great challenge due to the nature of these emissions, which are non-continuous signals transmitted in the form of pulses of short duration. Most of the methodologies defined up to now for determining WiFi exposure levels use or take as reference exposimeters, broadband probes and spectrum analyzers without taking into account that WiFi signals are not continuously transmitted. This leads to an overestimation of the radiation level that cannot be considered negligible when data of the actual exposure are needed. To avoid this, other procedures apply empirical weighting factors that account for the actual duration of burst transmissions. However, this implies the implementation of additional measurements for calculating the weighting factors, and thus, increases the complexity of the work. According to this, it was still necessary to define the frequency domain measurement setup that is optimal for obtaining realistic WiFi signal values, without requiring the performance of additional recordings. Thus, the definition of an appropriate methodology to achieve this goal was established as the main objective of this study. The set of tasks carried out to identify such configuration, as well as the limitations obtained for other measurement settings are deeply explained in this paper.

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Section: B Results Obtained For Different Wifi Data Traffic Situationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Methodology for Determining the Optimal Frequency Domain Configuration to Accurately Record WiFi Exposure Levels

Fernández

Guerra

Gil

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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“…Prior to 5G technology, the role of reference channel has been played by system-specific broadcast control channels -Broadcast Control CHannel (BCCH) for 2G [13,14], Primary Common PIlot CHannel (P-CPICH) for 3G and 95…”

Section: The Maximum-power Extrapolation Procedures 90mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodology Based on Vector and Scalar Measurement of Traffic Channel Power Levels to Assess Maximum Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation Generated by 5G NR Systems

Adda¹,

Aureli

Bastonero

et al. 2022

IEEE Access

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“…In [4], the effect of non-ionizing radiation on children has been studied. and the effects of using mobile phones have examined by [5][6][7], and. In [8], the effects of Wi-Fi waves on the pregnant mother's health have been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case-study on the effect of averaging duration on RF dosimetry of general public environments

Asadi

Aliakbarian

Khayambashi

et al. 2020

IEEE Electromagn. Compat. Mag.

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Electromagnetic waves can cause undesirable effects on human body. These hazards have forced the related certification bodies such as ICNIRP and IEEE to propose standard limitations on the electromagnetic field levels. However, the current recommended procedures demand to verify the safety compliance of each measurement point based on a lengthy and impractical 6-minute averaging, in addition to spatial averaging, which complicates the procedure of RF dosimetry. Our statistical analysis on the performed experimental indoor and outdoor measurements show that lower time interval of measurements, such as 30 seconds and 60 seconds, predicts the same results in common electromagnetic environments, affected by wireless networks and broadcasting signals. The overall observed difference between 30-second and 6-mintue averaging time length from our reference value is less than 50% respectively in 13.5% and 10% of times, illustrating that there is not a significant difference between 30-seconds and 6-minute averaging. This makes the RF dosimetry procedure much faster, and cheaper while keeping it almost as reliable as before.

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Measurement and analysis of human exposure to electromagnetic fields in the GSM band

Cited by 19 publications

References 23 publications

Measurement Methodology for Determining the Optimal Frequency Domain Configuration to Accurately Record WiFi Exposure Levels

Measurement Methodology for Determining the Optimal Frequency Domain Configuration to Accurately Record WiFi Exposure Levels

Methodology Based on Vector and Scalar Measurement of Traffic Channel Power Levels to Assess Maximum Exposure to Electromagnetic Radiation Generated by 5G NR Systems

A case-study on the effect of averaging duration on RF dosimetry of general public environments

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