1996
DOI: 10.2165/00003088-199630060-00003
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Measurement and Analysis of Unbound Drug Concentrations

Abstract: The plasma protein binding of drugs has been shown to have significant effects on numerous aspects of clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. In many clinical situations, measurement of the total drug concentration does not provide the needed information concerning the unbound fraction of drug in plasma which is available for distribution, elimination, and pharmacodynamic action. Thus, accurate determination of unbound plasma drug concentrations is essential in the therapeutic monitoring of drugs. Many… Show more

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Cited by 183 publications
(143 citation statements)
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“…Risk for transmission has been associated with fetching water, domestic activities such as washing clothing or food (105) and fishing (106). In the transitional vegetation zones between forest and woodland savannah, which are often used for farming, the islands of vegetation provide tsetse habitats from which hosts are sighted, and farming has been implicated as a risk factor (29).…”
Section: Risk Factors For Infection 241 Gambiense Human African Trymentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Risk for transmission has been associated with fetching water, domestic activities such as washing clothing or food (105) and fishing (106). In the transitional vegetation zones between forest and woodland savannah, which are often used for farming, the islands of vegetation provide tsetse habitats from which hosts are sighted, and farming has been implicated as a risk factor (29).…”
Section: Risk Factors For Infection 241 Gambiense Human African Trymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Incorrect mounting of the cover slip or replacement of the original cover slip by an ordinary microscope cover slip are errors that are often made with reusable counting chambers; these lead to an incorrect volume of CSF and thus inaccurate cell counts. Such manipulation errors can be avoided by using disposable plastic counting chambers, which retain a fixed volume of CSF (106). The filled counting chamber is placed on the microscope stage, and the counting grid is brought into focus at low magnification (objective 10x, oculars 10x or 15x).…”
Section: Disease Stage Determinationmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In preliminary experiments the approximate time for drug equilibrium between the reservoirs separated by a dialysis membrane with a cuto of 10 000 kD was determined to be 18 h. After 24 h drug and protein concentrations were measured by spectroscopic analysis in all chambers and the concentrations of bound and unbound drugs were calculated (Wright et al, 1996). For dialysis against an excess of buer 50 mM p21rasGppNHp was incubated for 1 h with 250 mM sulindac sul®de and subsequently dialyzed against a 10006volume of PBS at 208C.…”
Section: Binding Assaysmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Only the unbound drug is available for diffusion or transport across cell membranes, and interaction with specific targets (e.g. receptor, ion channel, transporter and enzyme) (Wright et al 1996;Baranczewski et al 2006). As a result, a full characterization of the binding property to plasma proteins has become essential for understanding the pharmacokinetic and toxicological profile of a drug.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%