Measurement and calculation of the polarization transfer parameter<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math>in neutron-deuteron scattering at 15.0, 17.0, 19.0, and 25.8 MeV

Hempen, P.; Clotten, P.; Hofenbitzer, K.; Köble, T.; Metschulat, W.; Schwindt, M.; Witsch, W. von; Wätzold, L.; Weltz, J.; Glöckle, W.; Hüber, D.; Witała, H.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.57.484

Cited by 13 publications

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“…As an another interesting example, we pick up nucleonto-nucleon polarization transfer coefficients in the K y y (θ ) for n-d scattering [22] and those of K y y (θ ) and K x z (θ ) for p-d scattering [23].…”

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Spin-dependent three-nucleon force effects on nucleon-deuteron scattering

Ishikawa

2007

Phys. Rev. C

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We construct a phenomenological three-nucleon force (3NF) model that gives a good description of polarization observables in elastic nucleon-deuteron (N -d) scattering at a low energy together with a realistic nucleon-nucleon force and a 3NF arising from the exchange of two pions. Parameters of the model, which consists of spinindependent, spin-orbit, and tensor components, are determined to reproduce the three-nucleon binding energy and polarization observables in N -d scattering at 3 MeV. Predictions of the 3NF model on N -d polarization observables at higher energies are examined, and the effects of each component on the observables are investigated. As is well known, modern two-nucleon force (2NF) models have a deficiency in explaining the binding energies of three-nucleon (3N) systems, and this problem is successfully solved by introducing a 3NF arising from the exchange process of two pions among three nucleons, which is called the two-pion-exchange (2π E) 3NF [1,2]. However, such combinations of the 2NFs and the 2π E-3NF that reproduce the 3N binding energy do not necessarily explain polarization observables in 3N scattering systems such as vector or tensor analyzing powers in elastic N -d scattering. See, e.g., Table III of Ref. [3], where calculations of observables with and without a 2π E-3NF are compared in terms of χ 2 with experimental data below 30 MeV of incident nucleon energy in the laboratory system. In spite of recent progress in constructing realistic 3NFs from chiral effective field theory or from heavier-boson-exchange mechanisms, no consensus has been obtained for possible mechanisms of 3NFs consistent with all of the experimental data. On the other hand, model 3NFs with artificial functional forms have been proposed to explain the polarization observables quite well [4][5][6]. These 3NFs have a form that typical components in 2NFs, e.g., central spin-independent, tensor, or spin-orbit components, are modified in the presence of third nucleon. [See Eq. (1) below.]In this paper, we introduce such a phenomenological 3NF to resolve the discrepancies of a 2NF and the 2π E-3NF at a low energy, and we examine whether it is still valid for N -d observables at higher energies up to 30 MeV. Since it may not be so difficult to understand what physical process is simulated by the spin dependence of each component, we expect that the present study will provide some hint of which characteristics of more realistic 3NFs should be studied.Our 3N calculations are based on a formalism to solve the Faddeev equations in coordinate space as integral equations [7,8]. For scattering states below the 3N breakup threshold energy, effects of the long-range Coulomb force between two * ishikawa@hosei.ac.jp protons are exactly treated [9]. Calculations for energies above the 3N breakup threshold are formulated in Ref. [10]. 3N partial wave states for which 2NFs and 3NFs act, are restricted to those with total two-nucleon angular momenta j 6 for bound state calculations, and j 3 for scattering state calculations. The ...

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Spin-dependent three-nucleon force effects on nucleon-deuteron scattering

Ishikawa

2007

Phys. Rev. C

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“…12 and 13 we show the results obtained with the Bonn B and CD-Bonn potentials, respectively, and compare these with experimental nd data taken at 15, 17, and 19 MeV, Ref. [55]. Our calculations do not include the effects of the 2π-exchange 3NF , and therefore one should take into account in the discussion the rescaling effect that tend to push the lines downward (this tendency is however reduced with the Bonn-types interactions, which provide smaller 3N underbinding with respect to other 2N interactions).…”

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“…[54] that these observables are sensitive to the tensor part of the nuclear forces and therefore they could in principle represent a good testing ground for the 3NF -operator we are studying in the present paper, since this has a pronounced tensor structure. In addition, recent experimental data are now available, for both nd and pd systems, and a number of theoretical studies about these coefficients have been performed already [54][55][56][57][58] with a variety of different 2N potentials, with the addition of 3NF 's, and more recently also with the inclusion of the modifications introduced by Coulomb effects. From these studies it emerged that the nucleon-to-nucleon transfer coefficients K y , where it was possible to compare directly theory with nd data, it was found that the theoretical calculations underpredict the minimum at 110 o , once the scaling effect with binding, originated by the 2π-exchange 3NF , was properly taken into account.…”

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confidence: 99%

Irreducible pionic effects in nucleon-deuteron scattering below 20 MeV

2002

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The consequences of a recently introduced irreducible pionic effect in low energy nucleon-deuteron scattering are analyzed. Differential cross-sections, nucleon (vector) and deuteron (vector and tensor) analyzing powers, and four different polarization transfer coefficients have been considered. This 3N F -like effect is generated by the pion-exchange diagram in presence of a two-nucleon correlation and is partially cancelled by meson-retardation contributions. Indications are provided that such type of effects are capable to selectively increase the vector (nucleon and deuteron) analyzing powers, while in the considered energy range they are almost negligible on the differential cross sections. These indications, observed with different realistic nucleonnucleon interactions, provide additional evidences that such 3N F -like effects have indeed the potential to solve the puzzle of the vector analyzing powers. Smaller but non negligible effects are observed for the other spin observables. In some cases, we find that the modifications introduced by such pionic effects on these spin observables (other than the vector analyzing powers) are significant and interesting and could be observed by experiments.PACS numbers: 24.70+s, 21.30.Cb, 25.10.+s, 25.40.Dn, 21.45.+v, and 13.75.Cs

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“…From the theoretical side, one can make exact predictions for various observables of the elastic nucleondeuteron (Nd) scattering and of the Nd breakup process, using nuclear forces in all their complexities [3]. Experimentally, one can nowadays access spin observables in elastic Nd scattering, where in the initial state the deuteron and/or the nucleon is polarized and where in the final state also the polarizations of the outgoing particles can be measured [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. These, together with the elastic scattering cross sections, lead to a very rich set of observables in Nd elastic scattering, which provides a solid basis to test the models of the 3N Hamiltonian.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence of three-nucleon force effects from130MeVdeuteron-proton breakup cross section measurement

et al. 2003

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The measurement of exclusive deuteron-proton breakup for kinematics covering a large fraction of the available phase space has been performed using 130 MeV deuteron beam. High precision fivefold cross section data in 38 kinematical configurations have been compared to predictions of modern nuclear forces. To this aim the three-nucleon ͑3N͒ Faddeev equations have been solved rigorously using the nucleon-nucleon (NN) potentials AV18, charge-dependent Bonn, Nijm I, and Nijm II alone, and combining them with the 2-exchange Tucson-Melbourne three-nucleon force (TM 3NF) and with its modified version TM99, more consistent with chiral symmetry. The AV18 potential was also combined with the Urbana IX 3NF. Global comparison of the measured cross sections to pairwise NN force predictions only and with 3NF's included clearly reveals the presence of 3NF effects. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of the kinematically complete breakup reaction studied in the full phase space to search for 3NF effects.

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Measurement and calculation of the polarization transfer parameterKyy′in neutron-deuteron scattering at 15.0, 17.0, 19.0, and 25.8 MeV

Cited by 13 publications

References 46 publications

Spin-dependent three-nucleon force effects on nucleon-deuteron scattering

Spin-dependent three-nucleon force effects on nucleon-deuteron scattering

Irreducible pionic effects in nucleon-deuteron scattering below 20 MeV

Evidence of three-nucleon force effects from130MeVdeuteron-proton breakup cross section measurement

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