Measurement and control of the frequency chirp rate of high-order harmonic pulses

Mauritsson, Johan; Johnsson, Per; López-Martens, Rodrigo; Varjú, Katalin; Kornelis, W.; Biegert, J.; Keller, U.; Gaarde, Mette B.; Schafer, Kenneth J.; L’Huillier, Anne

doi:10.1103/physreva.70.021801

Cited by 76 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…Equation (2) clarifies the degrees of freedom available for tailoring the APT. The fundamental chirp b 0 affects the spacing of the bursts in the train [7], while the material group delay dispersion, , affects the chirp of the attosecond pulses [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Our reconstruction method assumes that the XUV field is determined by the local (fs) laser intensity and phase and therefore applies to relatively long and low intensity generating laser pulses for which nonadiabatic effects are negligible. The term @ =@I, which is not required for determination of the APT intensity profile, can be determined by measurements giving access to the chirp of the central harmonic of the generated spectrum [7,8]. The derivatives appearing in the last two lines of Eq.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The temporal characterization of this radiation is of great fundamental interest since it gives insight into the emission process. In addition, the ultrashort duration corresponding to a selected bandwidth makes this radiation a unique extreme ultraviolet (XUV) source of interest for a number of applications.Individual harmonic pulses can be characterized on the femtosecond time scale by techniques such as FROG (frequency-resolved optical gating) [3][4][5][6][7] and SPIDER (spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction) [8,9]. Attosecond pulses are characterized by recently developed techniques [2,10] such as RABITT (reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transition).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Individual harmonic pulses can be characterized on the femtosecond time scale by techniques such as FROG (frequency-resolved optical gating) [3][4][5][6][7] and SPIDER (spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction) [8,9]. Attosecond pulses are characterized by recently developed techniques [2,10] such as RABITT (reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transition).…”

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Reconstruction of Attosecond Pulse Trains Using an Adiabatic Phase Expansion

et al. 2005

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We propose a new method to reconstruct the electric field of attosecond pulse trains. The phase of the high-order harmonic emission electric field is Taylor expanded around the maximum of the laser pulse envelope in the time domain and around the central harmonic in the frequency domain. Experimental measurements allow us to determine the coefficients of this expansion and to characterize the radiation with attosecond accuracy over a femtosecond time scale. The method gives access to pulse-to-pulse variations along the train, including the timing, the chirp, and the attosecond carrier envelope phase. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.243901 PACS numbers: 42.65.Ky, 32.80.Rm When an intense laser field interacts with a gas, highorder harmonics are emitted in subfemtosecond bursts of light [1,2]. The temporal characterization of this radiation is of great fundamental interest since it gives insight into the emission process. In addition, the ultrashort duration corresponding to a selected bandwidth makes this radiation a unique extreme ultraviolet (XUV) source of interest for a number of applications.Individual harmonic pulses can be characterized on the femtosecond time scale by techniques such as FROG (frequency-resolved optical gating) [3][4][5][6][7] and SPIDER (spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction) [8,9]. Attosecond pulses are characterized by recently developed techniques [2,10] such as RABITT (reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transition). The latter shows the existence of a quadratic spectral phase, i.e., a frequency chirp [11,12] (hereafter called attochirp) [13], for the plateau harmonics.The RABITT technique, which assumes monochromatic harmonic components, gives access only to the average pulse shape in the train. New measurement techniques, based on extensions of the FROG method, have been proposed and numerically verified [14][15][16]. All these methods imply a scan of an optical delay, and the reconstruction of a complete attosecond pulse train (APT) demands a temporal accuracy of a few tens of attoseconds over several tens of femtoseconds, which is difficult to achieve experimentally.In this Letter, we propose a new technique that, by making physically reasonable assumptions, practically removes the high requirement on the experiment. The ultraprecise scan is replaced by a series of short scan RABITT measurements performed at different laser intensities. The reconstruction of the electric field uses a Taylor expansion of the harmonic phase with respect to frequency and time whose coefficients have simple physical interpretations. The method is illustrated by characterizing an APT generated in neon.We consider a coherent sum of consecutive odd harmonics (from q i to q f ) generated when a strong laser field interacts with a gas. We assume for simplicity that only one quantum path, selected by either phase matching or an aperture in the far field [17][18][19][20], contributes to the generation of these harmonics. The electric field resul...

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Reconstruction of Attosecond Pulse Trains Using an Adiabatic Phase Expansion

et al. 2005

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“…For example, the temporal characteristics of a train of attosecond pulses were directly determined by measuring second-order autocorrelation traces [14]. Similar methods have been used for attosecond spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction (SPIDER) and attosecond frequencyresolved optical gating (FROG) techniques [15][16][17][18][19], and for their extensions [20][21][22]. The cross-correlation technique has been widely used in characterizing pulse durations [1][2][3][4][5].…”

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Use of photoelectron energy spectrum transfer equation for the measurement of a narrowband XUV pulse

Yu-Cheng

2012

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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To study the time evolution of a molecular state in an ultra-fast chemical reaction, the use of shorter pulses with higher photon energy and narrower bandwidth for both pump and probe is necessary. However, quick and precise measurement of their detailed time structures is a challenge. Over the last decade, great efforts have been made to measure an attosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse. To date, several methods have been developed to measure the pulse duration and completely reconstruct it. The attosecond spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction (SPIDER) and attosecond frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) techniques are often used. However, these methods use state-of-the-art experimental set-ups and complicated data analysis procedures. To develop attosecond metrology for practical use (e.g. timing, measurement, evaluation, calibration, optimization, pumping, probing), we propose a quick and analytical method to precisely observe an attosecond XUV pulse with laser-assisted photo-ionization. The method is based on determining the laser-related phase of each streaked electron and using a transfer equation for one-step pulse reconstruction without any time-resolved measurements, iterative calculations, or data fitting procedures. Temporal errors of the pulse reconstruction are calculated from the XUV bandwidth. Because the transfer equation establishes a direct connection between the XUV pulse properties, the crucial laser parameters (peak intensity, phase, carrier envelope phase), the atomic ionization potential, and the measured photoelectron energy spectrum, we can use it to study any one of these properties from other known information and probe the dynamic processes of an ultra-fast reaction.attosecond measurement, photoelectron energy spectrum, laser phase determination method, transfer equation Citation: Ge Y C, He H P. Use of photoelectron energy spectrum transfer equation for the measurement of a narrowband XUV pulse. Chin Sci Bull, 2012Bull, , 57: 843-848, doi: 10.1007 Over the last decade, production and measurement of the duration of an attosecond (1 as=10 −18 s) extreme ultra-violet (XUV) pulse has attracted increasing interest [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Highorder harmonic generation (HHG) has been a successful way to produce attosecond XUV pulses [7][8][9]. To characterize the time evolution of a molecular state in an ultra-fast chemical reaction, shorter pulses with higher photon energies and narrower bandwidths have been generated and used, but quickly and precisely measuring their detailed time structures for use remains a challenge. This can currently be attributed to the difficulty of attosecond measurements and the associated errors. Recently, different techniques such as phase-matching and spatial filtering have been used to analyze, produce and *Corresponding author (email: gyc@pku.edu.cn) select an isolated attosecond pulse [10][11][12]. The latest measurement of an attosecond XUV pulse duration is 80 as [13]. However, researchers continue to improve the ...

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High‐Order Harmonic Studies of the Role of Resonances on the Temporal and Efficiency Characteristics of Converted Coherent Pulses: Different Approaches

2018

Resonance Enhancement in Laser‐Produced Plasmas

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Measurement and control of the frequency chirp rate of high-order harmonic pulses

Cited by 76 publications

References 23 publications

Reconstruction of Attosecond Pulse Trains Using an Adiabatic Phase Expansion

Reconstruction of Attosecond Pulse Trains Using an Adiabatic Phase Expansion

Use of photoelectron energy spectrum transfer equation for the measurement of a narrowband XUV pulse

High‐Order Harmonic Studies of the Role of Resonances on the Temporal and Efficiency Characteristics of Converted Coherent Pulses: Different Approaches

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