Measurement and correlation for solubilities of alkali metal chlorides in water vapor at high temperature and pressure

Abstract

A flow type apparatus was designed and constructed to measure the solubilities of salts in water vapor at high temperature and pressure. The apparatus was equipped with an additional pure water line to prevent the clogging by precipitated solid salts at the outlet of an equilibrium cell.

The system H2O–NaCl. Part I: Correlation formulae for phase relations in temperature–pressure–composition space from 0 to 1000°C, 0 to 5000bar, and 0 to 1 XNaCl

“…8a and b. Notice that our curves reproduce the available experimental (Galobardes et al, 1981;Armellini and Tester, 1993;Higashi et al, 2005) data slightly better than the model of Pitzer and Pabalan (1986).…”

“…8. Halite-saturated vapor composition in comparison to experimental data (Galobardes et al, 1981;Armellini and Tester, 1993;Higashi et al, 2005) and the thermodynamic model of Pitzer and Pabalan (1986). (a) Isotherms, (b) isobars, numbers are pressure in bar.…”

Supercritical water oxidation: A technical review

“…Also some models have been developed to calculate the solubilities of inorganic salts in high-temperature-high-pressure steam of supercritical water. 107,113 NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 are considered model salts because they are the most frequent in the SCWO process and because of their different behaviors in the precipitation. The phase diagram of the aqueous solutions of NaCl at 25 MPa presents a LV region between 390 and 450°C, and the solid-vapor (SV) equilibrium region for temperatures Ͼ 450°C.…”

“…This means that in the LV area, the salt will precipitate, forming liquid salt droplets that become solids at higher temperatures. 103,107 In the case of Na 2 SO 4 there is no LV area, so the salt precipitates, forming nuclei from the homogeneous fluid phase. Thus, NaCl particles will be porous and larger (up to 10 m), whereas the sulfate rapidly forms a great number of smaller particles (1-3 m).…”

Application of Association Model for Solubilities of Alkali Metal Chloride in Water Vapor at High Temperatures and Pressures

“…Shin et al (2001) applied a solution model to estimate the solubilities of inorganic salts and some other inorganic compounds. The authors (Higashi et al, 2005) measured the solubilities of sodium chloride and potassium chloride in water vapor at high temperatures and pressures. The solution model was adopted to correlate with the experimental data.…”