Measurement and Correlation of Solubilities of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) in 10 Pure Solvents and 3 Binary Solvents from 278.15 to 328.15 K

Abstract

Solubilities of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) were measured in 10 pure solvents (deionized water, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, formic acid, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, toluene, n-hexane) and 3 binary solvents (ethanol + water, nitric acid + water, N-methyl pyrrolidone + water) from 278.15 to 328.15 K using gravimetric methods. The measured solubility data in pure solvents were fitted by a polynomial empirical equation, the van't Hoff equation, and the modified Apelblat equation, among which the modified Apelblat equation is the best empirical model for correlating the solubility of NTO in pure solvents. The modified Apelblat equation, the CNIBS/R-K equation, and the Jouyban−Acree equation were adopted to correlate the experimental solubility data in three binary solvents. In binary solvents, all fitted results agree well with the measured solubilities of NTO. This work can provide guidance for further crystallization researches of NTO.

Solubility Determination, Computational Methodologies, and Preferential Solvation of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one in Several Solvent Blends

“…Ethyl acetate has the highest relative deviation of 4.55%. The solubility of NTO determined by us in the solvents methanol and ethanol is extremely close to that reported by Lan . It does, however, differ significantly from what Kim stated .…”

“…As observed in Figure S1, excess solids show clear diffraction patterns at various 2θ in all of the investigated solvents, demonstrating the crystalline structure of the solids (Figure S1). Besides, diffraction spectra of excess solids in various solvents show the usual diffraction peaks of raw NTO, which are identical to those of the equilibrated solid in neat solvents and the raw material. Thus, considerable variations between the calculated XRD profiles before and after the trials may go unnoticed.…”

“…In terms of the solubility data for methanol/isopropanol + water and methanol/ethanol + ethyl acetate determined by us and ethanol + water reported in ref , the Δ tr G o values from water to binary aqueous methanol/isopropanol/ethanol systems and nonaqueous methanol/ethanol + ethyl acetate systems are estimated using eq , as shown in Figure S1 and reported in Table S3 of the Supporting Information. The parameters’ magnitudes of eq , A 0 , A 1 , A 2 , t 1 , and t 2 are listed in Table S4.…”

“…Nonetheless, the physiochemical characteristics of NTO in a variety of solvents have not yet been thoroughly studied. According to the published study, NTO solubility tests were conducted in water, , pure organic solvents, , and aqueous solvent mixes of ethanol/nitric acid/N-methyl pyrrolidone . To broaden the use of NTO in many areas, it is necessary to thoroughly understand its solubility behavior in solutions.…”

“…Many techniques developed in previous works − can be utilized to forecast the magnitudes of solubility of solid solutes in neat solvents, e.g., water, and solvent blends, but experimental solubility data are still required by scientists. According to findings from the literature, − NTO is more soluble in alcohols than in ethyl acetate and water. Furthermore, based on the polarity notion, water–methanol/isopropanol mixtures and methanol/ethanol–ethyl acetate mixes encompass a wide range of Hildebrand solubility parameters from 18.49 MPa 0.5 (pure ethyl acetate) to 47.81 MPa 0.5 (pure water) .…”