Measurement and modeling needs for microstructure and reactivity of next-generation concrete binders

Bullard, Jeffrey W.; Garboczi, Edward J.; Stutzman, Paul E.; Pan, Feng; Brand, Alexander S.; Perry, LaKesha; Hagedorn, John G.; Griffin, Wesley; Terrill, Judith E.

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.06.012

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…In the long run, advances in in-depth characterization techniques are key to fundamentally understand, and eventually predict, the behavior and performance of blended cements based on fundamental structure-property relationships [123]. However, in the short term, more practical tests are needed to expedite the development of the next generation of high performance, durable and sustainable cements.…”

Section: Advances In Scm Reactivity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementary cementitious materials: New sources, characterization, and performance insights

Juenger

Snellings

Bernal

2019

Cement and Concrete Research

735

171

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Conventional supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs), such as blast furnace slags or fly ashes, have been used for many decades, and a large body of knowledge has been collected regarding their compositional make-up and their impacts on cement hydration and concrete properties. This accumulated empirical experience can provide a solid, confident base to go beyond the status quo and develop a new generation of low-clinker cements composed of new types and combinations of SCMs.The need for new sources of SCMs has never been greater, as supplies of traditional SCMs are becoming restricted, and the demand for SCMs to reduce CO2 emissions from concrete production is increasing. In this paper, recent research on emerging SCM sources is reviewed, along with new developments in characterizing and qualifying SCMs for use and improved knowledge of SCMs on long-term concrete performance and durability. Keywords(B) Characterization; (C) Durability; (D) Blended Cement; (D) Filler; (D) Pozzolan Material Chemistry Used as SCM (Mt/y)Total volume est. (Mt/y) Comments Blast furnace slag Ca-Si-Al 330 300-360 Nearly fully used, latent hydraulic Coal fly ash Si-Al 330-400 700-1100 Subject to limitations on carbon content, reactivity Natural pozzolans Si-Al 75 Large accessible reserves Large variety/variability, often high water demand Silica fume Si 0.5-1 1-2.5 Used in high-performance concrete Calcined clays Si-Al 3 Large accessible reserves Metakaolin performs best, often high water demand Limestone CaCO3 300 Large accessible reserves Cementitious contribution in combination with reactive aluminates Biomass ash Si 0 100-140 Competition with use as soil amendment, high water demand, (for some: high alkali contents) MSWI bottom ash Si-Al-Ca 0 30-60 Expansive and corrosive components, leaching issues Steel slag Ca-Si-Fe 0 (negligible) 170-250 Various types, can contain expansive components (CaO) or leachable heavy C L reactivity Copper slag Fe-Si 0 (some as filler) 30-40 Low reactivity, leaching of heavy metals, more research needed Other non-ferro slags Fe-(Si)-(Ca) 0 (some as filler) 5-15 Mt/y each (FeCr, Pb, Ni) Low reactivity, leaching of heavy metals, more research needed

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Section: Advances In Scm Reactivity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementary cementitious materials: New sources, characterization, and performance insights

Juenger

Snellings

Bernal

2019

Cement and Concrete Research

735

171

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“…To accurately predict the hydration product assemblage of a blended cement over time, kinetic data on the hydration of all reactants, including the SCMs, is required. At present, such data need to be extracted from experiments or empirical models as reliably predicting reaction kinetics remains tedious for fundamental physics-based models, even for clinker phases, in complex blended cements [109,110]. The SCM reaction in Portland cement blends is generally promoted by alkalies and the presence of portlandite formed by the hydrating cement.…”

Section: Assessing Scm Reactivity In Blended Cementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement blends

Skibsted

Snellings

2019

Cement and Concrete Research

593

152

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“…This will reduce the production of concrete demolition waste in the future. For these endeavors, it will be needed more durable cements with a lower embodied carbon content, novel techniques to quantify short-and long-term hydration chemistry and microand meso-structure developments [12], and also original data correlation tools [13] for better predictions.…”

Section: Scope Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The free lime contents of OPC and BS cement pastes increased continuously as the hydration times progressed up to 90 days. This is evidently due to the normal hydration process of calcium silicate phases of the cement [2, 5,6,12,15,49,62]. The free lime contents of OPC were higher at the early times of hydration up to 7 days than those of BC.…”

Section: Free Lime Contentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Chemo/Mechanical behaviors of fly ash and silica fume belite cement pastes- Part I

H.H.M

2021

nanonext

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Physical, chemical and mechanical properties of high belite cement (HBC) blended with high pulverized fly ash (HPFA) with stable ratio of silica fume (SF) in comparison with Portland cement (OPC) were investigated. Results showed that the water of consistency and setting times (Initial and final) tended to increase with the increase of HPFA content. The bulk density and compressive strength were also improved and enhanced with the increase of HPFS content at all hydration times, but only up to 15 % HPFA, and then decreased with further increase. However, the total porosity slightly decreased, but started to increase with further increase of >15 % HPFA. The free lime content of the pure OPC and HBC gradually were increased as the hydration times progressed up to 90 days, while those of blended cements increased only up to 7 days and then decreased onward. The results were confirmed by measuring the heat of hydration and ultrasonic pulse velocity for the optimum cement pastes comparing with those of both OPC and HBC. The heat of hydration of the optimum cement pastes was decreased at all hydration times and become lower than those of OPC and HBC. The ultrasonic pulse velocity test (USPV) proved that the uniformity and quality of the matrix of the hardened cement pastes are good with no cracks.

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Measurement and modeling needs for microstructure and reactivity of next-generation concrete binders

Cited by 12 publications

References 60 publications

Supplementary cementitious materials: New sources, characterization, and performance insights

Supplementary cementitious materials: New sources, characterization, and performance insights

Reactivity of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement blends

Physical and Chemo/Mechanical behaviors of fly ash and silica fume belite cement pastes- Part I

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