Measurement and Prediction of Density and Viscosity of Different Diesel-Vegetable Oil Binary Blends

Abstract

Vegetable oils can be considered as an alternative or emergency fuel for diesel engine. However, vegetable oils result in operational and durability problems for the long-term operation because of being much more viscous than diesel fuel. To eliminate this drawback, blending of vegetable oils with diesel fuel or alcohol is one of the most widely used techniques. In the existing literature, many studies are available on the measurement and prediction of density and viscosity of binary blends (especially biodiesel (BD)-diesel fuel (DF) blends), although, there is still the lack of comprehensive studies in which reliable density and viscosity data are presented, new regression models are proposed and compared with other regression models for waste cooking oil (WCO)-DF binary blends. Therefore, in the present study, (1) WCO was blended with DF on the volume basis of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15 and 20 %, (2) the measurements of viscosities and densities of the binary blends were performed at various temperatures (278.15-343.15 K) in accordance with DIN 53015 and ISO 4787 standards, respectively, (3) the variations of viscosity and density values of binary blends vs. temperature were evaluated, (4) the new rational and exponential models as a function of temperature were fitted to the experimental data measured by the authors and Baroutian et al. (regarded as typically different data), and finally (5) the models were also compared to Yoon et al. and linear models, previously proposed by other authors, in order to investigate their reliability. According to results, (i) the best correlation was obtained by the rational model with the lowest maximum relative errors of 2.9679 % and 3.2725 % for the viscosity data measured by the authors (WCO-DF blends) and Baroutian et al. (palm oil (PO)-DF blends), and (ii) for the density data of WCO-DF and PO-DF binary blends, the best correlation was obtained using the exponential model giving the lowest maximum relative errors of 0.0470 % and 0.0581 %, respectively.

Production of Biodiesel using Calcined Brine Sludge Waste from Chor-Alkali Industry as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

“…depicts the FTIR spectra of the un-calcined and calcined samples of industrial brine sludge waste and samples after first and fourth transesterification reaction at optimum conditions. The characteristic peaks depicted at 3600, 1760, 1430, 121 and 712 cm -1 indicates the presence of calcite (CaO) [10]. This is in excellent agreement with the results obtained from the XRF.…”

A techno-economic assessment of waste oil biodiesel blends for automotive applications in urban areas: Case of India

“…The engine characteristics depend on the quantity of biodiesel in blends with diesel. Numerous studies, similar to those carried out by Gülüm and Bilgin [31,32], have been numerically conducted to obtain the crucial thermophysical properties of biodiesel/diesel fuel blends which affect engine performance and emissions. In this context, a state-of-the-art literature review on the optimised blends of biodiesel is summarised in Table 2.…”

Production of Biodiesel from Moringa Oleifera and Jatropha Curcas Seed Oils over a Modified ZnO/Fly Ash Catalyst

“…With the world facing an energy crisis due to the increase in the global energy demand and the threat of depleting fossil fuels and world petroleum reserves, demand for substitute fuels has also increased [1]. The rampant power cuts and the fuel price hikes that have occurred ____________________________________________________________________________ 2021 / 25 152 over the years are a clear indication that Botswana falls prey to this worldwide problem [2].…”