Measurement and simulation of the water flow and root uptake in soil under subsurface drip irrigation of apple tree

Nazari, Ehsan; Besharat, Sina; Zeinalzadeh, Kamran; Mohammadi, Adel

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106972

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Equations ( 1)-( 3) were used to calculate the RMSE, RE and MAE of the measured and simulated wetting front at different moments for Scenarios 1 and 4 (Table 3). The results show that the RMSE (<1.8 cm) and MAE (<1.5 cm) were close to 0, and the RE (<2.93%) was less than 10%, indicating that HYDRUS can be used to simulate the process of multi-point source interference infiltration, which was analogous to the results in previous studies [1,36].…”

Section: Hydrus Model Validationsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Subsurface irrigation is an efficient water-saving irrigation method and can effectively reduce surface evaporation and deep percolation losses by directly infiltrating irrigation water around the crop for root uptake and utilization through buried emitters [1][2][3]. The degree of coincidence between the spatial distribution of wetted soil volume formed by subsurface irrigation and the root system determines the irrigation water use efficiency of crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Infiltration Wetting Front of Ring-Shaped Root Emitters

Zhang

2022

Sustainability

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Ring-shaped root emitter is a new type of emitter applicable to the roots of fruit trees in arid areas. To study the characteristics of infiltration wetting front changes in ring-shaped root emitters, the orthogonal test method was used to design nine groups of schemes for four factors: radius of irrigation ring R, burial depth H, number of orifices M, irrigation water volume V and their three levels (R = 20, 30 and 40 cm; M = 4, 6 and 8; H = 20, 30 and 40 cm, V = 40, 60 and 80 L). The infiltration process of these nine scenarios was simulated using HYDRUS-3D software. The results show that the interference infiltration time exhibited a good power function relationship with the irrigation ring radius, number of orifices and burial depth; before the interference infiltration, the wetting fronts were all in the shape of a rotating ellipsoid centered on the infiltration point and can be expressed by the equations of the upper and lower semi-elliptic curves relative to the infiltration point. With the increase in time, the wetting fronts were centered at the infiltration point and infiltrated in all directions at a different velocity. The transport rate decreased with time. The power function relationship between the wetting fronts and the influencing factors after the interference infiltration in different directions was established, and the coefficient of determination was above 0.888. The wetting front shape after infiltration stabilization can be regarded as a rotating body formed by the vertical wetting front plane around the z-axis. The wetted soil volume of deep percolation, surface and suitable infiltration scenarios was rugby-shaped, apple-shaped with a flattened top and complete apple-shaped, respectively. Burying the irrigation ring at slightly deeper than one-third of the crop root zone is recommended, and half of the horizontal range of the crop root system can be selected as the irrigation ring radius. The research results can provide a reference for selecting root emitter parameters and layout as well as developing a root irrigation system.

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Section: Hydrus Model Validationsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Infiltration Wetting Front of Ring-Shaped Root Emitters

Zhang

2022

Sustainability

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“…The model was solved to obtain the minimum comprehensive cost of surface water and groundwater in the five irrigation areas in the case of joint dispatch f opt = 1.38 × 10 9 ~3.24 × 10 9 yuan. Due to the different water distribution forms and the uncertainty of the system, the final cost was given as an interval value to accommodate different water distribution decisions [43]. In order to illustrate the effect of the robustness coefficient on the objective function value, the change of the objective function value of the water cost with the robustness coefficient at the three levels of low-medium-high water supply was calculated.…”

Section: Risk Analysis Under Different Incoming Water Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simulation-Based Optimization Model for Control of Soil Salinization in the Hetao Irrigation District, Northwest China

Zhang

Yang

2023

Sustainability

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The average annual water diversion of the Hetao Irrigation District (HID) from the Yellow River is 4.5 billion cubic meters, mainly used for surface irrigation. Because the groundwater depth is shallow, strong evaporation conditions and unmatched irrigation conditions lead to serious soil salinization in the area; thus, the irrigation area’s ecological environment is fragile. Based on the current situation of the Yellow River irrigation project in the area, an interval two-stage robust stochastic optimization model is proposed to address the problem. In 2015, the Shuguang Experimental Station in the middle of the HID, Inner Mongolia, discussed the impact of different degrees of water–salt coordinated regulation on water consumption, yield and price of wheat, maize and sunflower under drip irrigation conditions. The obtained results provide the water shortage and water distribution targets of multiple water sources and multiple water levels in five irrigation areas of the HID. Those water distribution targets were used as the main input parameter and entered into the SALTMOD model based on the principle of water and salt balance. The output included data on groundwater mineralization and groundwater depth. It was observed that (1) integrated interval two-stage robust stochastic programming and the SALTMOD Model to couple optimization model under uncertainty can simulate a model together; (2) systemic risk issues were considered; and (3) the proposed method can be applied to the HID in northwest China to solve the soil salinization control problem. This approach is applicable to arid and semiarid regions that face similar problems.

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“…Sedangkan LCD berfungsi untuk untuk menampilkan data yang dibaca oleh komponen input dan informasi lainnya. Penentuan debit emitter sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui koefsien keseragaman fertigasi tetes dan juga untuk memperkirakan waktu pembukaan pada water valve atau dengan kata lain lamanya waktu diperlukan untuk melakukan pemupukan pada tanaman [13], [14]. Debit emitter dihitung dengan cara membagi antara volume aliran yang tertampung dalam wadah dengan lamanya waktu pengukuran seperti ditunjukkan pada (2).…”

Section: Perancangan Sistem Kendali Fertigasi Tetesunclassified

Otomatisasi Sistem Fertigasi Tetes untuk Tanaman Berbasis Mikrokontroler

Rosma

Sukma

Solihin

2021

Jurnal Teknik Elektro

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The process of manual fertilization and irrigation of plants has disadvantages such as it requires human labor and is inefficient in the use of fertilizers and water sources. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design and develop an automatic fertigation system. The method used in this research is a drip fertigation technique where the fertigation liquid that has been stirred is placed in a tank with 100 cm height from ground. With the gravitational force, the fertigation liquid is distributed through pipes, hoses and emitters around the plant. While the control system and automation of fertigation distribution to plants is carried out based on a microcontroller that need the condition of soil moisture values around the plant. If the watering time and humidity values are met, the electronic valve will open so that the fertigation liquid flows from the tank to the plants. Furthermore, in this study the tests were carried out to determine the uniformity coefficient and debit of drip fertigation. From the results, it shows that the emitter’s debit influenced by the liquid level in the tank. The uniformity coefficient obtained in the two tests is greater than 90%. From the two tests carried out from the moisture sensor 1 and 2, it shows the mean percentage error for both sensor is less than 1.7%, while the percentage error of soil moisture sensor 1 is 1.6% and the percentage error of soil moisture sensor 2 is 1%, respectively. Meanwhile, from the ultrasonic sensor testing it was obtained 0% of error. It also shows from the testing conducted that the fertigation system works very well and successfully.

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Measurement and simulation of the water flow and root uptake in soil under subsurface drip irrigation of apple tree

Cited by 26 publications

References 37 publications

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Infiltration Wetting Front of Ring-Shaped Root Emitters

Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Infiltration Wetting Front of Ring-Shaped Root Emitters

A Simulation-Based Optimization Model for Control of Soil Salinization in the Hetao Irrigation District, Northwest China

Otomatisasi Sistem Fertigasi Tetes untuk Tanaman Berbasis Mikrokontroler

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