Measurement for Responsible Tourism: Development of a Stakeholder-Based Scale

Underlying Factors of Tourist Social Responsibility (TSR) within the COVID-19 Context: An Empirical Investigation of the Saudi Tourism Market

“…Additionally, Stanford [82] suggested several elements to the responsible tourist: respect, awareness, engagement, excellence, and reciprocity are some of the notions that go along with financial support being part of a community's well-being. However, Mathew and Kuriakose [83] developed a stakeholder-based scale for measuring responsible tourism, concluding that responsible tourism has three responsibility domains: (1) Economic responsibility (6 items): employment opportunities, skill development, the standard of living, local procurement, local enterprise support, and tourism integrated local economy. (2) Social responsibility (13 items): promotion of local art and culture, promotion of local souvenirs, culture, heritage and traditions, local community engagement, social development programs, local infrastructure development, preservation of local landscape, cultural exchange, employment opportunities for backward people, improvement of basic amenities, support for enterprises by disadvantaged people, training for engagement, and public awareness.…”

“…The responsibility to support CSR activities implemented by tourism businesses [35,81,83] Responsibility for altruism and solidarity…”

“…Based on the deductive technique, an initial pool of items was constructed relating to predefined potential constructs of TSR. These items were derived from previous research [33][34][35][40][41][42][43][44]46,47,63,75,77,78,[80][81][82][83][84][85]96,97]. From these sources, a broad set of 38 TSR items related to the seven construct domains was initially generated.…”