Measurement invariance of assessments of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) across sex, strata and linguistic backgrounds in a European-wide sample of patients after Traumatic Brain Injury

Teymoori, Ali; Real, Ruben; Gorbunova, Anastasia; Haghish, E. F.; Anđelić, Nada; Wilson, Lindsay; Asendorf, Thomas; Menon, David; Steinbüchel, Nicole von

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.035

Cited by 57 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Furthermore, we have not investigated the association between depression and other physical, social, and clinical functioning of the TBI patients given the characteristics of our sample. Teymoori et al [45] found that the functional recovery is a much more important predictor of depression and anxiety severity than the baseline TBI severity, such that individuals with severe and moderate disability six months after the TBI had higher depression and anxiety symptoms in comparison to individuals who had a good recovery after the TBI. Noteworthy, TBI severity was not related to depression and anxiety after controlling for functional recovery measure [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We used the translated versions of the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires that were available in the relevant languages (see https://www.phqscreeners.com/select-screener/36) and were shown to be valid and invariant across different sex, patient strata, and languages [45]. Following a procedure recommended by Acquadro, Conway, Giroudet, and Mear [46], GOSE and PCL-5 were translated, back-translated, panel-reviewed, and finally underwent a cognitive debriefing with several patients and healthy participants.…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factorial Structure and Validity of Depression (PHQ-9) and Anxiety (GAD-7) Scales after Traumatic Brain Injury

Teymoori

Gorbunova

Haghish

et al. 2020

JCM

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Background: The dimensionality of depression and anxiety instruments have recently been a source of controversy. Objectives and Design: In a European-wide sample of patients after Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), we aim to examine the factorial structure, validity, and association of the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) instruments. This study is based on longitudinal observational data. We conducted analyses of factorial structure and discriminant validity of outcomes six-months after TBI. We also examined the prevalence, co-occurrence, and changes of scores on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 at 3-, 6-, and 12-month post-TBI assessments. Participants: At six-months post-TBI assessment, 2137 (738 (34.5%) women) participants completed the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 questionnaires. For the longitudinal analysis, we had 1922 participants (672 (35.0%) women). Results: The results of exploratory factor analysis suggested a general latent construct underlying both PHQ-9 and GAD-7 measures. Confirmatory factor analyses showed a slight improvement in the fit indices for the bifactorial model. The Omega hierarchical test clearly differentiated two subfactors of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 items over and above the underlying general factor; however, most of the variance (85.0%) was explained by the general factor and the explained variance of the subfactors was small. The PHQ-9 and GAD-7 performed similarly in detecting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). As defined by conventional cut-offs, depression and anxiety have different prevalence rates in the sample. The scales also differed in their relationships with the short form of health survey (SF-36v2) subscales. The longitudinal analysis showed high stability of depression and anxiety symptoms: 49–67% of the post-TBI patients with comorbid depression and anxiety reported the persistence of the symptoms over time. Discussion: The factorial structure analysis favors a general latent construct underlying both depression and anxiety scales among patients after TBI. We discuss the implications our findings and future research directions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factorial Structure and Validity of Depression (PHQ-9) and Anxiety (GAD-7) Scales after Traumatic Brain Injury

Teymoori

Gorbunova

Haghish

et al. 2020

JCM

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“…However, it was worth noting that their prevalence of mental issues was lowered than that of health workers in the local hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak. Huang and colleagues' study revealed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety of health workers in the local hospitals was as high as 50.7% and 44.7%, respectively [9]. Meanwhile, our study shows that the 22.7% of military health workers with depression symptoms had comorbid anxiety and somatization, which was lower than that of primary care clinic patients in the United States [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

The Prevalence of Mental Health Problems and Associated Risk Factors among Military Health Workers of COVID-19 Specialized Hospitals in Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Pan

Xiao

Ren³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background China has been severely affected by COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) since December 2019.In the combat against COVID-19, military health workers in China suffered from many pressures. This study aimed to investigate the current psychological status and risk factors of the military health workers.Methods Using a web-based cross-sectional survey, we collected data from 194 military health workers from three inpatient wards in two COVID-19 specialized hospitals. The survey questions consisted of demographic information, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15). Hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore potential risk factors for mental health problem.Results The overall prevalence of depressive symptoms, generalized anxiety and somatic symptoms were37.6%, 32.5% and 50%, respectively. Severe depression, generalized anxiety and somatic symptoms was 5.2%, 3.6% and 15.5%. In 22.7% of cases, comorbidities existed between depression, generalized anxiety and somatization. Junior-grade professional title was associated with depression, older age was associated with generalized anxiety and somatization, and less sleep duration and poor sleep quality were associated with all three symptoms.Conclusion The prevalence of depression, generalized anxiety and somatic symptoms were high in military health workers of COVID-19 specialized hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak. Junior-grade professional title, older age, less sleep duration, and poor sleep quality have significant effects on the mental health of military health workers. Continuous surveillance and monitoring of the psychological consequences of the COVID-19outbreak should become routine to promote the mental health of military health workers.

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“…The GAD-7 is a brief self-report scale and efficient tool for screening General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) with seven items rated on a 4-point Likert-scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day) (8,9). The total score represents minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), and severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) anxiety symptoms, respectively. In the present study, the Cronbach's ɑ was 0.92, test-retest reliability was also good (intraclass correlation = 0.83) (8).…”

Section: Instrument Anxietymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) is a widely used instrument to measure the depression of the subjects, which includes nine questions rated on a four point scale ranging from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). A total score ranges from 0 to 27 is categorized into minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10)(11)(12)(13)(14), moderately severe (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), and severe (20-27)(10). In the PHQ Primary Care Study,the Cronbach's α was 0.89 test-retest reliability was excellent(intraclass correlation = 0.84) (11).…”

Section: Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The residents' mental health status and community's role during COVID-19 epidemic : a community-based cross-sectional study in China

Quan

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BACKGROUND The related research of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic on mental health of community residents is still lacking. Here we reported the mental health status of Chinese residents as well as community’s prevention and control during the epidemic period of COVID-19, and further explored the influencing factors of mental status. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sampling and snowball sampling methods were adopted from February16 to February 23, 2020 and Chinese community residents were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three questionnaires including General Anxiety Disorder 7(GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), and a self-designed “Community prevention and control questionnaire” were used. A multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to analyze the impact factors of anxiety and depression. RESULTS A total of 3001 community residents were included in this study. 85.6% and 83.7% of participants had minimal anxiety and depression respectively. 16.6% of participants demonstrated that the communities they lived in had confirmed cases. 95.3% of participants reported that the residents were screened for mobility and contact history. 97.8% of participants reported entrance and exit of community were managed in their communities. 97.5% and 99% of participants were required to take body temperature and wear masks in their communities. 92% communities had their public areas and facilities disinfected every day and 95.4% communities have conducted health education about COVID-19. Factors including gender, education level, chronic illness, the frequency of going out, achieving information about COVID-19 by community and newspaper, and confirmed cases in the community, show association with community residents’ anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS the vast majority of Chinese residents have little anxiety and depression, and most communities had adopted standardized control measures in accordance with government’s regulations and policy which plays an important role in the control of COVID-19 and improving residents’ anxiety and depression.

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Measurement invariance of assessments of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) across sex, strata and linguistic backgrounds in a European-wide sample of patients after Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract: Measurement invariance of assessments of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) across sex, strata and linguistic backgrounds in a Europeanwide sample of patients after Traumatic Brain Injury.

Cited by 57 publications

References 43 publications

Factorial Structure and Validity of Depression (PHQ-9) and Anxiety (GAD-7) Scales after Traumatic Brain Injury

Factorial Structure and Validity of Depression (PHQ-9) and Anxiety (GAD-7) Scales after Traumatic Brain Injury

The Prevalence of Mental Health Problems and Associated Risk Factors among Military Health Workers of COVID-19 Specialized Hospitals in Wuhan, China: A Cross-Sectional Survey

The residents' mental health status and community's role during COVID-19 epidemic : a community-based cross-sectional study in China

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