“…Empirical studies examined the validity and reliability of the scale in western samples including the Swedish (Lindfors, Berntsson, & Lundberg, 2006), Italian (Sirigatti et al, 2009), andSpanish (e.g., van Dierendonck, Díaz, Rodríguez-Carvajal, Blanco, &Moreno-Jiménez, 2008) and Asian samples like the Chinese (e.g., Cheng & Chan, 2005). Despite these, Ryff's model has drawn serious doubts on the acceptability of her model.…”