Measurement invariance of three gender ideology scales across cis, trans, and nonbinary gender identities.

McDermott, Ryon C.; Wolfe, Ginelle; Levant, Ronald F.; Alshabani, Nuha; Richmond, Kate

doi:10.1037/men0000286

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In future studies, a more extensive and inclusive approach to the self-assessment of gender should be considered, especially since higher prevalence rates of psychological distress have been reported for transgender and gender-diverse individuals because of minority stressors [67,68], and gender role norm measurements seem to not measure the same constructs in trans-and cis-identified persons [69]. Furthermore, although a strength of the present study is the parallel examination of gender identity with the BSRI and male gender ideology with the MRNS, other aspects of masculinity may be relevant with regard to psychotherapy use prediction in men.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men’s Psychotherapy Use, Male Role Norms, and Male-Typical Depression Symptoms: Examining 716 Men and Women Experiencing Psychological Distress

Eggenberger

Fordschmid

Ludwig

et al. 2021

Behavioral Sciences

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Men as compared to women are half as often affected by depressive and anxiety disorders and seek significantly less help for mental health issues than women. Adherence to traditional male role norms (AtTMRN) may hinder men from describing prototypical depression symptoms and from seeking psychotherapy. The current study compared whether AtTMRN, gender role identity, or the experience of prototypical or male-typical externalizing mental health symptoms were associated with psychotherapy use in men and women. In an anonymous online survey, 716 participants (37% men) reporting to currently experience psychological distress were examined. Information was obtained on psychotherapy use, depression and anxiety symptoms, gender role identity, and traditional male role norms. Although experiencing similar levels of depression, men compared to women showed a reduction in psychotherapy use by 29%. Masculine role identity was directly associated with reduced psychotherapy use in men (β = −0.41, p = 0.029), whereas AtTMRN was not (men: β = −0.04, p = 0.818; women: β = −0.25, p = 0.064). Higher externalizing depression symptomatology (β = −0.68, p = 0.005), but not prototypical depression symptomatology (β = −0.02, p = 0.499), was associated with reduced psychotherapy use in men but not women (p > 0.05). Interactions revealed that men, but not women, with high AtTMRN use psychotherapy only when exhibiting elevated symptom levels. The results corroborate previous reports showing reduced psychotherapy use in men as compared to women and identify elevated masculine role identity and male-typical externalizing depression symptomatology as direct factors associated with reduced psychotherapy use in psychologically distressed men. AtTMRN interacts with mental health symptoms to predict psychotherapy use, indicating that men with high AtTMRN only use psychotherapy when exhibiting high symptomatology.

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Men’s Psychotherapy Use, Male Role Norms, and Male-Typical Depression Symptoms: Examining 716 Men and Women Experiencing Psychological Distress

Eggenberger

Fordschmid

Ludwig

et al. 2021

Behavioral Sciences

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“…More recently, terms such as nonbinary and genderqueer have gained visibility in defining identities which resist the binary conceptions of gender. As with cisgender and transgender populations, differences in gender ideology have also been found between cis, trans, and nonbinary gender identities (McDermott et al, 2021).…”

Section: The Entanglement Of Gender With Other Social Effects On Lang...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceiving gender while perceiving language: Integrating psycholinguistics and gender theory

Tripp

Munson

2021

WIRES Cognitive Science

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There is a substantial body of literature showing that men and women speak differently and that these differences are endemic to the speech signal. However, the psycholinguistic mechanisms underlying the integration of social category perception and language are still poorly understood. Speaker attributes such as emotional state, age, sex, and race have often been treated in the literature as dissociable, but perceptual systems for social categories demonstrably rely on interdependent cognitive processes. We introduce a diversity science framework for evaluating the existing literature on gender and speech perception, arguing that differences in beliefs about gender may be defined as differences in beliefs about differences. Treating individual, group, and societal level contrasts in ideological patterns as phenomenologically distinctive, we enumerate six ideological arenas which define claims about gender and examine the literature for treatment of these issues. We argue that both participants and investigators predictably show evidence of differences in ideological attitudes toward the normative definition of persons. The influence of social knowledge on linguistic perception therefore occurs in the context of predictable variation in both attention and inattention to people and the distinguishing features which mark them salient as kinds. We link experiences of visibility, invisibility, and hypervisibility with ideological variation regarding the significance of physiological, linguistic, and social features, concluding that gender ideologies are implicated both in linguistic processing and in social judgments of value between groups. We conclude with a summary of the key gaps in the current literature and recommendations for best practices studies that may use in future investigations of socially meaningful variation in speech perception. This article is categorized under: Linguistics > Language in Mind and Brain Psychology > Language Linguistics > Language Acquisition Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics

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“…Fourth, our data did not allow for an examination of the link among cisgender and transgender individuals. Emerging evidence (e.g., McDermott et al, 2021) suggests that nonbinary and transgender individuals might have a distinct understanding of gender ideologies. Should this be the case, our interpretation of findings would be limited to cisgender men and women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scholars have indicated that traditional gender ideologies are more likely to be endorsed by straight people than by sexual minority individuals. In particular, North American scholars who focused on TMI noted that these views best reflect the perceptions of White straight men (e.g., McDermott et al, 2021).…”

Section: Gender Ideology and Attitudes Toward Gay Peoplementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender identification and attitudes toward gay people: Gender and sexuality differences and similarities

2021

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Previous research has demonstrated the existence of gender and sexuality differences in attitudes toward gay people (which in this paper includes both lesbian women and gay men unless specified). However, these studies did not account for people with diverse genders and sexual orientations ascribing different meanings to their gender identification and its potential role in attitudes towards gay people. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between gender identification and attitudes toward gay people among individuals of different genders and sexual orientations. Based on data obtained from 851 Russian respondents, the study reports the exploration of the direct link between two components of gender identification and four components of attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Results indicated that stronger gender identification, in general, was related to more negative attitudes toward both gay men and lesbians. At the same time, compared to women and bisexual respondents, this link was stronger among men and straight participants respectively. A possible explanation via traditional gender ideologies is discussed.

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Measurement invariance of three gender ideology scales across cis, trans, and nonbinary gender identities.

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Men’s Psychotherapy Use, Male Role Norms, and Male-Typical Depression Symptoms: Examining 716 Men and Women Experiencing Psychological Distress

Men’s Psychotherapy Use, Male Role Norms, and Male-Typical Depression Symptoms: Examining 716 Men and Women Experiencing Psychological Distress

Perceiving gender while perceiving language: Integrating psycholinguistics and gender theory

Gender identification and attitudes toward gay people: Gender and sexuality differences and similarities

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