Measurement method and apparatus for monitoring the kinetics of polymerization and crosslinking reactions by microwave dielectrometry

Abstract

SynopsisThe experimental apparatus employed for monitoring fast polymerizing and crosslinking processes is described in detail. The measurement method for the particular application is widely discussed and the resulting performances of the measurement technique are reported. As an example, the experimental results for polymerization and crosslinking reactions of n-butyl acrylate and 1,6-hexandiol-diacrylate are shown and the accuracy of the data acquisition is demonstrated.

Excited-State Properties of Camphorquinone Based Monomeric and Polymeric Photoinitiators

“…The time evolution of the curing process was followed for 600 s irradiation time at l b 400 nm by microwave dielectrometry at 9.5 GHz, by measuring the imaginary part of the dielectric constant e'' (loss factor) of the reacting system [28]. Method and apparatus are described in detail elsewhere [29].…”

Real time dielectric monitoring of glass transition in n-vinyl pyrrolidone polymerization

“…Works on DS of free radical polymerization are rare. Rolla et al carried out microwave studies of n-butyl acrylate polymerization and photopolymerization by DS [20,21]. The mechanisms of epoxy and radical polymerizations are completely different.…”

Monitoring inverse-phase emulsion polymerization using electrical impedance spectroscopy

“…A few studies on conductivity and dielectric properties have been reported for monitoring direct emulsion polymerization using conductivity data to monitor particle nucleation and particle number . Dielectric constant variation has been used for conversion monitoring in solution polymerization of n ‐butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylaylate and in solution copolymerization of n ‐butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylaylate …”

“…A few studies on conductivity and dielectric properties have been reported for monitoring direct emulsion polymerization using conductivity data to monitor particle nucleation 27 -29 and particle number. 30 -32 Dielectric constant variation has been used for conversion monitoring in solution polymerization of n-butyl acrylate 33 and methyl methacrylaylate 34 and in solution copolymerization of n-butyl acrylate and methyl methacrylaylate. 24 To the best of our knowledge there is no report on the monitoring of IEP using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), a versatile tool which provides conductance and capacitance over a range of frequencies.…”