Measurement Methods of Moisture in Building Envelopes – A Literature Review∗

Abstract

/npsi/ctrl?lang=en http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?lang=fr Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/jsp/nparc_cp.jsp?lang=en NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRCThis publication could be one of several versions: author's original, accepted manuscript or the publisher's version. / La version de cette publication peut être l'une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l'auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l'éditeur. Heritage, 1, 3, pp. 293-310, 2007-07-01 Measurement methods of moisture in building envelopes -a literature review Said, M. N. International Journal of Architectural NRCC-50039Said, M.N.A version of this document is published in / Une version de ce document se trouve dans: International Journal of Architectural Heritage, v. 1, no. 3, July 2007, pp. 293-310 The material in this document is covered by the provisions of the Copyright Act, by Canadian laws, policies, regulations and international agreements. Such provisions serve to identify the information source and, in specific instances, to prohibit reproduction of materials without written permission. For more information visit http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/showtdm/cs/C-42Les renseignements dans ce document sont protégés par la Loi sur le droit d'auteur, par les lois, les politiques et les règlements du Canada et des accords internationaux. Ces dispositions permettent d'identifier la source de l'information et, dans certains cas, d'interdire la copie de documents sans permission écrite. Pour obtenir de plus amples renseignements : http://lois.justice.gc.ca/fr/showtdm/cs/C-42 Measurement Methods of Moisture in Building Envelopes ABSTRACTThis article reviews the methods, principles, and performances of moisture measurement in building envelopes with a focus on continuous monitoring applications. It compiles an extensive list of closely related literature. Brief examples are presented to demonstrate measurement values and a presentation approach for measured electric-resistance data. Moisture measurement methods have various capabilities. Some methods can quantify moisture content for some building materials such as timber, while also providing comparative values or changes in wetness conditions for other building materials. Other methods are used to warn of excessive wetness conditions in the envelope, particularly in hidden or difficult-to-access areas. Reviewed methods are grouped according to the measurement principle: for example, resistance, voltage, and thermal-based methods. Resistance and voltage-based sensors are most suitable for continuous monitoring applications as they can be readily connected to a data logging system. Voltage-based methods such as the Sereda and printed circuit sensors are usually used to indicate timeof-wetness of surfaces. Their main weakness is durability, which can be quite short in outdoor applications. Resistance-based methods, such as...

Electrical resistance and mold distribution on beef surface as indicators of dry aging

“…These clearly different results from previous studies are due to the change in moisture content, which is one of the factors for altered electrical resistance in food (Domagała et al, ; Fredriksson, ). In this study, the moisture content of the crust was significantly decreased with the increasing dry aging period (Table ) and a high correlation between moisture content and electrical resistance was found ( R 2 = −.72, p < .001), which was consistent with the results of Saïd (). Because the electrical resistance on the surface of dry‐aged beef could be measured easily, it would be a useful indicator for doneness or degree of beef dry aging of beef if changes in electrical resistance could effectively indicate the quality of dry‐aged beef during aging, as per our hypothesis.…”

“…As per Ohm's law, electrical resistance is the electrical property of materials that impedes electric flow through the material. Since moisture content is a factor that facilitates the flow of electricity through the material, reduction in moisture content causes an increase in the electrical resistance (Saïd, ). Recently, this was applied to food items such as wheat flour, potato starch, and raw pork loin, for measuring or monitoring the change in moisture content (Domagała, Janus, & Rywotycki, ; Fredriksson, ).…”

Estudio experimental in situ del comportamiento hídrico de un tramo del lienzo oeste de la Muralla de Ávila

“…Distintos autores han hecho una revisión teórica sobre las técnicas de medición del contenido de humedad en los materiales y en los muros de las fábricas antiguas (Krus 1996: 33-38;Tada y Watanabe 1998;McCann y Forde 2001;Healy 2003;Voutilainen 2005;Saïd 2007;Phillipson et al 2007;Pinchin 2008;Tiano y Riminesi 2017;Camuffo 2018;Agliata et al 2018). Además, hay una norma europea en este sentido, la UNE-EN 16682:2018.…”

Is the Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) Technique Suitable for Moisture Content Measurement in Low-Porosity Building Materials?

“…Other very common alternatives are methods based on the measurement of surface moisture content. However, these non-destructive methods only give partial information of the moisture content in the study element, taking into account that the water content near the surfaces is strongly influenced by the evaporation conditions [1,2]. As a matter of fact, many researchers end up using more pragmatic approaches to indirectly monitor the moisture content.…”