Measurement, Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Degradation Rates

Abstract

Photovoltaic degradation rates play a vital role in visualizing and analyzing the performance of the PV modules over the long run. These degradation rates provide critical information for the stakeholders and researchers to make sensible decisions in deploying the best photovoltaics suitable in those concerned geographical regions of the globe. A site survey is conducted to calculate PV degradation rates. The results have shown that for the first three years since the initial installation, the degradation rates have remained in line with the manufacturer values (i.e. less than 0.6%) while the next two years the degradation rates have almost increased by 40%. This is due to discoloration of the encapsulant causing the reduction of the short circuit current (Isc). Mathematically modeling such visual loss factors have not considered so far. The visual loss factor equation is developed and incorporated in the output current equation of the PV module. Further, the I-V and P-V curves are simulated and compared with the measured I-V curves. The results have shown an acceptable error percentage of around 0.3%.

Understanding Photovoltaic Module Degradation: An Overview of Critical Factors, Models, and Reliability Enhancement Methods

“…However, models are often constrained to specific parameters, limiting applicability across different environments and technologies [41]. Key factors influencing PV degradation encompass weather variations, materials quality, design parameters, PID susceptibility, and hot spots [26][27][28][29][30][51][52][53][54][55][56]. Strategies like protective coatings, encapsulation enhancements, and cleaning help mitigate degradation and prolong lifespan [51][52][53][54][55][56].…”

“…Key factors influencing PV degradation encompass weather variations, materials quality, design parameters, PID susceptibility, and hot spots [26][27][28][29][30][51][52][53][54][55][56]. Strategies like protective coatings, encapsulation enhancements, and cleaning help mitigate degradation and prolong lifespan [51][52][53][54][55][56]. A holistic understanding of interdependent degradation mechanisms is essential for performance improvements [57][58][59][60].…”

“…Ongoing research should focus on cost-effective characterization, predictive models across technologies E3S Web of Conferences 469, 00011 (2023) ICEGC'2023 https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346900011 and environments, and mitigation techniques to slow performance decline and extend lifetime under real-world operating conditions. Advanced studies can guide improvements in module design, materials selection, manufacturing processes, and maintenance strategies to further enhance efficiency, longevity, and sustainability[51][52][53][54][55][56][61][62][63][64][65]. The findings highlight the need for extensive field testing to capture failure mode frequency, evolution, and performance impacts across diverse locales[57][58][59][60].…”

“…The findings highlight the need for extensive field testing to capture failure mode frequency, evolution, and performance impacts across diverse locales[57][58][59][60]. By integrating experimental characterization and multiphysics modeling, researchers can refine understanding of mechanisms while identifying key factors to develop targeted prevention and management strategies[26][27][28][29][30][51][52][53][54][55][56]. Ensuring PV system durability and performance requires comprehending interdependent degradation phenomena[8- 36, 57-60].…”

“…This literature analysis provides a foundation and direction for future research by pinpointing knowledge gaps in PV degradation behavior under different climate conditions and between various mechanisms[57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. Filling these gaps through coordinated experimentation, modeling, and analysis can lead to actionable insights to guide technological enhancements and inform best practices for reliable, high-efficiency PV system design, installation, and maintenance[51][52][53][54][55][56][61][62][63][64][65]. With improved comprehensive understanding of PV module degradation, the field can make great strides toward supporting the continued growth of solar energy and enabling PV technology to play an expanding role in the global renewable energy portfolio.…”