Measurement, normalisation and mapping of urban-scale wind environment in Xi’an, China

Abstract

Studies on urban climatic mapping and local climate zones are urgently needed due to rapid urbanisation in China, to identify and predict serious air pollution problems and occurrence of urban heat islands, for sustainable urban planning. The study of wind environment, especially measurements of wind data on the urban scale, is important to the climate mapping and investigation of air pollution and heat island events. In this paper, we introduce a measurement method for the urban-scale wind environment, which combines measurements conducted at the stationary reference station with those at portable/mobile stations. Data collected from portable/mobile stations were normalised with respect to wind data measured at the stationary reference station. Three criteria for the selection of the stationary reference station were compared according to the land-use and distance to the portable/mobile stations. The background meteorological station was selected as the stationary reference station for data normalisation and was found to be the most appropriate. The normalisation method for wind data was used to analyse the measured wind data at portable/mobile stations. Clear differences were observed between measured and normalised average wind speeds. The normalised wind was used in the urban wind environment mapping. The objective of the mapping is to assess the ventilation potential of the urban canopy layer, to help the urban climate mapping and to inform future sustainable urban planning.

Analyzing the Characteristics of UHI (Urban Heat Island) in Summer Daytime Based on Observations on 50 Sites in 11 LCZ (Local Climate Zone) Types in Xi’an, China

“…In the current work, typical blocks representing different LCZ types were selected, in which PMSs were set up to measure the PLAT quasi-continuously [20]. The measured data were normalized as those usually processed in mobile observations [22,[27][28][29][30].…”

“…The current work was part of the National Science and Technology Foundation Project of "Comprehensive survey of human settlement quality and preparation of urban climate map for typical cities" (here, we denote it as "CS-UC project"), which was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (see also Luo et al [36], Xu et al [29,34] and Zhang et al [30]). In the CS-UC project, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, concentration of PM10 and NOx were observed in seven cities (Xi'an, Wuhan, Dalian, Yulin, Luoyang, Foshan and Taizhou).…”

“…However, meteorological networks with tens of sites are still rare. Measurement coupled with the stationary meteorological stations and potable micro-environment stations (PMS), which is similar to the mobile monitoring method, but in larger horizontal areas, would be more reasonable for studying the urban scale UHI distribution characteristics [29,30].…”

Tree planting indices and their effects on summer park thermal environment: A case study of a subtropical satellite city, China

“…Peoples' sensation of temperature is also affected by other factors, including solar radiation level (W/m 2 ) and wind. 37,38 They were also used as indicators. Data of these indicators were measured with a Testo 480 and solar Pyranometer MS-60, respectively (Table 1).…”

Climatic clustering analysis for novel atlas mapping and bioclimatic design recommendations

“…Assessing the role of different climate zones is necessary to approach energy efficiency in the built environment and deploy bioclimatic design strategies intelligently into the sustainable urban plans, which includes all efforts to address climate change. [3][4][5] The bioclimatic architecture of buildings are increasing in popularity as an intelligent way to benefit from climate and environment in order to achieve maximum indoor comfort without active systems. 6,7 Investigating the diversification of climatic zones' clustering is the key to bioclimatology and bioclimatic design.…”