Measurement of Acid Reaction Rates with the Rotating Disk Apparatus

Taylor, K.C.; Nasr‐El‐Din, Hisham A.

doi:10.2118/09-06-66

Cited by 36 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Understanding reaction kinetics between the rock and acid is necessary to optimize the acidizing process. The rotating disk apparatus (RDA) has been used to study reaction kinetics between rocks and Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids (Hansford and Litt 1968;Boomer et al 1972;Lund et al 1973;Roberts and Guin 1975;Prakongpan et al 1976;Anderson 1991;Fredd and Fogler 1998;Alkattan et al 1998;Conway et al 1999;Taylor and Nasr-El-Din 2009;Rabie et al 2014;Li et al 2016;Liao et al 2017;Abdelgawad et al 2018;Kotb et al 2018;Sayed et al 2020). However, no standard exists in the literature for the acid volume used in RDA experiments.…”

Section: Newtonian Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rotating disk apparatus (RDA) has been typically used for studying reaction kinetics between different rocks and acid systems (Boomer et al 1972;Lund et al 1973a;Roberts and Guin 1975;Fredd and Fogler 1998;Conway et al 1999;Taylor and Nasr-El-Din 2009;Rabie et al 2014;Li et al 2016;Liao et al 2017;Abdelgawad et al 2018;Kotb and Nasr-El-Din 2020;Sayed et al 2020;Ivanshin et al 2021). In the seminal work by Levich (1942), the author studied the rate of mass transfer of H + in Newtonian fluids to a rotating disk in a reactor and developed the following equation to calculate it: is the diffusion coefficient of H + , Cb is the bulk concentration of the reactant, Cs is the reactant concentration on the disk surface, ω is the disk rotational speed, υ is the kinematic viscosity of the fluid, Vy is the acid velocity in the axial direction, and y is the axial distance from the disk to the point of the measurment of Vy.…”

Section: Computational Fluid Dynamics Model For Simulating the Rotati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments were performed for 5 minutes while maintaining a nitrogen pressure of 1,100-1,150 psig in the reaction vessel to keep CO2 in solution and maintain a singlephase fluid (Welton and Domelen 2008;Nasr-El-Din et al 2008;Taylor and Nasr-El-Din 2009). Samples of acid (3 cm 3 ) were withdrawn from the reaction vessel every minute, and the sampling line was purged with air after each sample was withdrawn to prevent sample contamination.…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The acid was then transported to the reactora process that takes 10-12 s, after which the reservoir was pressurized to 1,500 psi, and disk rotation started. The pressure keeps CO2 in solution and maintains a single-phase fluid (Welton and Domelen 2008;Nasr-El-Din et al 2008;Taylor and Nasr-El-Din 2009). Acid samples were taken from the reactor at 1-minute intervals over the test duration.…”

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Calibrated Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Simulating the Rotating Disk Apparatus

et al. 2021

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Summary Reaction kinetics between calcite and acid systems have been studied using the rotating disk apparatus (RDA). However, simplifying assumptions have been made to develop the current equations used to interpret RDA experiments to enable solving them analytically in contrast to using numerical methods. Previous work has revealed inadequacies of some of these assumptions, which necessitates the use of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to investigate their impact on the RDA results. The objectives of the current work are to develop a calibrated CFD and proxy model to simulate the reaction in the RDA and use this model to estimate the diffusion coefficient and the reaction rate coefficient of the reaction in the RDA. The present work developed the first calibrated CFD model to determine the diffusion coefficient and the reaction rate coefficient in the RDA with minimum assumptions in the hydrochloric acid (HCl) carbonate reaction. More specifically, the model relaxes the constant fluid properties, infinite acting reactor boundaries, and constant reaction surface area assumptions. The proxy model obtained results in reduced computational time with minimal compromise on accuracy. Finally, the proposed model showed an improvement of 63% in predicting the reaction kinetics between calcite and HCl compared to traditional methods.

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Section: Newtonian Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Computational Fluid Dynamics Model For Simulating the Rotati...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Calibrated Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Simulating the Rotating Disk Apparatus

et al. 2021

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“…If the slowest step is the diffusion of the reactants or the products to and from the rock surface, then the reaction is mass transfer limited. If the slowest step is the surface reaction itself, then the reaction is considered as surface reaction limited (Taylor, 2009). …”

Section: Mass Transfer Limited and Surface Reaction Limited Regimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting Reaction Kinetics and Diffusion Rate of Dolomitic Rock with HCl

Khalid

Sultan

Qiu

2015

Day 2 Tue, September 15, 2015

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Diffusion coefficient (De) is an important parameter used in both matrix acidizing and acid fracturing job design. There are two major limitations of conventional lab practices. Firstly, De is obtained at 1000 psi (or below) system pressure, which is too low to represent realistic reservoir conditions. Secondly, De obtained from conventional lab practice is based on fresh acid, which largely ignores the impact of reaction products, especially CO 2 .Herein, we investigate the effects of both pressure and reaction products on De of HCl acid reacting with dolomite using fresh acid (15 wt. %) and various spent acid concentrations (12.5, 10 and 7.5 wt. %). A customized rotating disk apparatus was used to obtain the reaction kinetics data at pressure conditions of 1000 and 3000 psi at various disk rotational speeds (250 -1250 rpm) at 150°F. Samples of the reacted acid were collected and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. In addition, the disks were scanned using X-ray micro computed tomography to characterize the 3D image of the disks.Our experimental results showed that at equal HCl concentration levels, De was significantly decreased at elevated pressures, due to the impact of CO 2 produced by the HCl-carbonate reaction. There was approximately 23% decrease in the diffusion coefficient value when compared with 1000 psi results for HCl/dolomite reaction. On the other hand, when the fresh acid was spent to 12.5 wt. %, there was a slight decrease in the diffusion coefficient results because of the slow reaction rate of dolomite. Moreover, HCl/dolomite reaction was mass transfer limited at low disk rotational speeds and surface reaction limited at high disk rotational speeds. In addition, diffusion coefficient was significantly affected by rock porosity due to variation in surface reaction area which caused increase in dissolution rates as observed by Micro XCT images of the reacted disk.Rotating Disk experimentation have been used for many years to describe acid reactivity. Literature suggests very few have been conducted under sufficient pressure to represent reservoir conditions. Thus, in order to properly design the acid treatment jobs, the De of acid acquired from high-pressure and various spent acid conditions should be used to provide more reliable parameters estimation such as acid injection rate, volume and pumping schedule leading to more accurate production forecast.

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Copolymer MCJS as a retarder of the acid–rock reaction speed for the stimulation of deep carbonate reservoirs

Quan

Huang

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The fast reaction rate between hydrochloric acid and carbonates causes the most acid consumption near the wells, and the acid cannot penetrate the deeper places of the carbonate reservoir; this limits the application of acidizing modifications for the reservoir. In this study, we chose acrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid (AMPS), allyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (APEG), and N-dimethyl-N-vinyl nonadecan-1-aminium chloride (DMAAC-18) to synthesize a quadripolymer (MCJS) that could reduce the reaction rate mentioned previously. The molecular structure of MCJS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1 H-NMR spectroscopy. The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of MCJS was determined by gel permeation chromatography. Carbonate rock was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The retarding properties of the acid mixed with MCJS (MCJS acid) were investigated, and the resulting reaction rate between the acid and carbonate decreased obviously, even at a low viscosity. Scanning electron microscopy and core flood experiments showed that the MCJS could be adsorbed on the carbonate rock surface and form a hydrated film that delayed the reaction.

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Measurement of Acid Reaction Rates with the Rotating Disk Apparatus

Cited by 36 publications

References 19 publications

A Calibrated Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Simulating the Rotating Disk Apparatus

A Calibrated Computational Fluid Dynamics Model for Simulating the Rotating Disk Apparatus

Revisiting Reaction Kinetics and Diffusion Rate of Dolomitic Rock with HCl

Copolymer MCJS as a retarder of the acid–rock reaction speed for the stimulation of deep carbonate reservoirs

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