Measurement of aggregation number of monionic dyes with the Langmuir film balance

Giles, C. H.; Agnihotri, Vasudha; McIver, Norman

doi:10.1016/0021-9797(75)90249-0

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Data acquisition points are indicated by arrows in the isotherm (Figure , inset). The large difference in the shape of this isotherm when compared to that on pure water is assigned to the formation of surface aggregates of crystal violet and to the possible interactions with the hexadecanol molecules.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Large Increase in the Heat Transfer through Monolayers Detected by Beam Deflection

et al. 2004

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We report the application of photothermal beam deflection for studying heat transfer across the liquid/gas interface covered with surfactant monolayers. Laser-induced Marangoni convection was generated on the surface of an absorbing aqueous solution with and without a monolayer. The change in heat transfer to the air was monitored by the deflection of a probe beam propagating close to the solution surface. A large increase in the deflection as well as in the air temperature for monolayer-covered surfaces was observed. A film-balance study showed that the magnitude of deflection increases as a function of monolayer compression.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Large Increase in the Heat Transfer through Monolayers Detected by Beam Deflection

et al. 2004

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“…These principles have been used to measure the size and orientation of sulphonated dyes in the surface [7]. A recent development is the discovery that nonionic dyes, which form small aggregates in water, also do so in the water surface, and by careful experimentation this fact can be used to measure the aggregation number [8].…”

Section: Figure 7b -Monolayers On Water a Polymer Molecule Consistinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dyeing in Two Dimensions. A Review of the Use of the Monolayer Method in the Study of Dye‐Fibre Reactions

Giles

1978

Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists

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Brief reference to the origins of studies of monolayer films on water is followed by descriptions of two of the principal methods of examining their properties: the relation between film area and pressure, and the surface viscosity. Films can be produced either from actual fibre‐forming polymers, e.g. cellulose, cellulose triacetate (CTA) or models, e.g. certain proteins to represent wool, and their reactions with dyes studied. All effects of the morphology of the fibres, especially porosity, can thus be eliminated, and the actual fibre‐dye forces revealed. Three general types of film behaviour have been identified in the above type of study: Monionic dyes penetrate the film, while their ionic group remains in the water. The film is thus expanded, but becomes weaker and more compressible. Examples include monosulphonated dyes with proteins and mono‐ionic basic dyes with cellulose. Dyes with planar molecules and two or more widely spaced sulphonate groups, with cellulose or protein films, as well as disperse dyes with CTA, orientate beneath the film, with their molecules parallel with the polymer chains in the film. Direct dyes with cellulose react in this way, but the bond to the cellulose is weak, and the film viscosity is not increased. Disperse dyes form a strong bond with the CTA film, by polar forces, and increase the film viscosity. Reactive dyes or bifunctional dyes with certain strongly‐bonding groups, e.g. ‐OH, in the molecule, expand the film and greatly increase its viscosity and in certain cases form crosslinks with the polymer chains, thus strengthening the film. The application of the Gibbs adsorption equation to some of the above types of reaction is discussed.

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Scheibe‐Aggregate Monolayers of Cyanine Dyes without Long Alkyl Chains

Yonezawa

Möbius

Kuhn

1986

Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem

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Scheibe‐aggregates of three cyanine dyes with methyl or ethyl groups instead of long alkyl substituents have been prepared at the air‐water interface by spreading a mixture of the cyanine dye and arachidic acid on a water surface and compressing the monolayer. The general features of the reflection spectra of the dye‐arachidic acid monolayers at the air‐water interface, in particular the presence of a distinct J‐band, are in accordance with absorption spectra of monolayers deposited on glass plates by the Langmuir‐Blodgett technique. The dichroism observed in polarized absorption spectra of the dye‐arachidic acid films indicates that the Scheibe‐aggregates of the dyes with a meso phenyl group have a preferential orientation of the long axis of the molecules in the layer plane parallel to the direction of motion in depositing the layer. The brick‐stone model of Scheibe‐aggregates is adequate for chromophore organization in these monolayers.

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Measurement of aggregation number of monionic dyes with the Langmuir film balance

Cited by 12 publications

References 16 publications

Large Increase in the Heat Transfer through Monolayers Detected by Beam Deflection

Large Increase in the Heat Transfer through Monolayers Detected by Beam Deflection

Dyeing in Two Dimensions. A Review of the Use of the Monolayer Method in the Study of Dye‐Fibre Reactions

Scheibe‐Aggregate Monolayers of Cyanine Dyes without Long Alkyl Chains

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