Measurement of air shower cores to study the cosmic ray composition in the knee energy region

Amenomori, M.; Ayabe, S.; Caidong,; Danzengluobu,; Ding, L. K.; Feng, Z.; Fu, Y.; Guo, H. W.; He, M.; Hibino, K.; Hotta, N.; Huang, Q.; Huo, A. X.; Izu, K.; Jia, H. Y.; Kajino, F.; Kasahara, K.; Katayose, Y.; Labaciren,; Li, J. Y.; Lü, H.; Lu, S. L.; Luo, G. X.; Meng, X. R.; Mizutani, K.; Mu, J.; Nanjo, H.; Nakamura, Masaki; Ohnishi, M.; Ohta, I.; Ouchi, T.; Peng, Z. R.; Ren, J. R.; Saito, T.; Sakata, M.; Sasaki, Takashi; Shi, Z. Z.; Shibata, M.; Shirai, T.; Sugimoto, H.; Taira, K.; Tan, Y. H.; Tateyama, N.; Torii, Shoji; Utsugi, Toshihiro; Wang, C. R.; Wang, H.; Xu, Xianbo; Yamamoto, Y.; Yu, G. C.; Yuan, A. F.; Yuda, T.; Zhang, C. S.; Zhang, H. M.; Zhang, J. L.; Zhang, N. J.; Zhang, X. Y.; Zhaxiciren,; Zhaxisangzhu,

doi:10.1103/physrevd.62.072007

Cited by 30 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…1). In this figure shown are also the energy spectra of protons and helium nuclei obtained in the balloon, satellite and ground based experiments [31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45]. The ATIC-2 data agree with the data of magnetic spectrometers (BESS [31], AMS [32], IMAX [33], CAPRICE [34], MASS [35]) up to 300 GeV.…”

Section: Primary Cosmic Ray Spectrasupporting

confidence: 66%

High-energy cosmic-ray fluxes in the Earth atmosphere: Calculations vs experiments

Kochanov

Sinegovskaya

Sinegovsky

2008

Astroparticle Physics

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A new calculation of the atmospheric fluxes of cosmic-ray hadrons and muons in the energy range 10-10 5 GeV has been performed for the set of hadron production models, EPOS 1.6, QGSJET II-03, SIBYLL 2.1, and others that are of interest to cosmic ray physicists. The fluxes of secondary cosmic rays at several levels in the atmosphere are computed using directly data of the ATIC-2, GAMMA experiments, and the model proposed recently by Zatsepin and Sokolskaya as well as the parameterization of the primary cosmic ray spectrum by Gaisser and Honda. The calculated energy spectra of the hadrons and muon flux as a function of zenith angle are compared with measurements as well as other calculations. The effect of uncertainties both in the primary cosmic ray flux and hadronic model predictions on the spectra of atmospheric hadrons and muons is considered.

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Section: Primary Cosmic Ray Spectrasupporting

confidence: 66%

High-energy cosmic-ray fluxes in the Earth atmosphere: Calculations vs experiments

Kochanov

Sinegovskaya

Sinegovsky

2008

Astroparticle Physics

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“…Chacaltaya [320], Mts. Fuji and Kanbala [321], Tibet burst detector (HD) [322] and ASγ (HD) [323]. Helium: Results from direct measurements above the atmosphere by ATIC [302], BESS [303], CAPRICE [304], HEAT [305], [306], IMAX [307], JACEE [308], MASS [309], [310], RICH-II [311], RUNJOB [284], [313], SOKOL [293], [324], and fluxes obtained from indirect measurements by KASCADE electrons and muons for two hadronic interaction models [286], GRAPES-3 interpreted with two hadronic interaction models [318], Mts.…”

Section: Galactic Cosmic Raysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Helium: Results from direct measurements above the atmosphere by ATIC [302], BESS [303], CAPRICE [304], HEAT [305], [306], IMAX [307], JACEE [308], MASS [309], [310], RICH-II [311], RUNJOB [284], [313], SOKOL [293], [324], and fluxes obtained from indirect measurements by KASCADE electrons and muons for two hadronic interaction models [286], GRAPES-3 interpreted with two hadronic interaction models [318], Mts. Fuji and Kanbala [321], and Tibet burst detector (HD) [322]. CNO group: Results from direct measurements above the atmosphere by ATIC (C+O) [325], CRN (C+O) [326], TRACER (O) [327], JACEE (CNO) [328], RUNJOB (CNO) [284], SOKOL (CNO) [293], and fluxes obtained from indirect measurements by KASCADE electrons and muons [286], GRAPES-3 [318], the latter two give results for two hadronic interaction models, and EAS-TOP [316].…”

Section: Galactic Cosmic Raysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fuji and Kanbala [321]. The Tibet group performs measurements with a burst detector as well as with emulsion chambers and an air shower array [322,334]. GRAPES-3 uses the correlation between the registered number of electrons and muons to derive energy spectra for mass groups [318].…”

Section: Galactic Cosmic Raysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data were used to derive spectra for primary protons and helium nuclei, see Fig. 9 [322,334]. However, one has to keep in mind that only a few hundred events remain after quality cuts and are included in the analysis, which may indicate that the results are limited by their statistical significance.…”

Section: Spectra For Elemental Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Cosmic rays from the knee to the highest energies

Blümer¹,

Engel²,

Hörandel

2009

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

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187

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The Knee in the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays

Hörandel

NATO Science Series

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The knee in the all-particle energy spectrum is scrutinized with a phenomenological model, named poly-gonato model, linking results from direct and indirect measurements. For this purpose, recent results from direct and indirect measurements of cosmic rays in the energy range from 10 GeV up to 1 EeV are examined. The energy spectra of individual elements, as obtained by direct observations, are extrapolated to high energies using power laws and compared to all-particle spectra from air shower measurements. A cut-off for each element proportional to its charge Z is assumed. The model describes the knee in the all-particle energy spectrum as a result of subsequent cut-offs for individual elements, starting with the proton component at 4.5 PeV, and the second change of the spectral index around 0.4 EeV as due to the end of stable elements (Z = 92). The mass composition, extrapolated from direct measurements to high energies, using the poly-gonato model, is compatible with results from air shower experiments measuring the electromagnetic, muonic, and hadronic components. But it disagrees with the mass composition derived from X max measurements usingČerenkov and fluorescence light detectors.

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Measurement of air shower cores to study the cosmic ray composition in the knee energy region

Cited by 30 publications

References 14 publications

High-energy cosmic-ray fluxes in the Earth atmosphere: Calculations vs experiments

High-energy cosmic-ray fluxes in the Earth atmosphere: Calculations vs experiments

Cosmic rays from the knee to the highest energies

The Knee in the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays

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