Measurement of airborne emissions from extinguished cigarettes:

Measurement of chemical emission rates from cigarette butts into air

“…Cigarette butts were generated using a smoking apparatus which was designed to burn two cigarettes at a time and simulate the puff sequence outlined in ISO 3308 . Detailed descriptions of the smoking apparatus and smoking procedures are reported in Poppendieck and Gong . Briefly, each cigarette was smoked for 6 puffs, with a puff duration of 2.7 seconds, puff reoccurrence of 60 seconds, and an airflow rate through the cigarette of 1.0 L min −1 .…”

“…Butts were typically placed in the emission chamber within three hours of generation. Our previous experiments have shown that placing the butts in the transport vials for less than 4 h prior to placing them in the conditioning environment had minimal impact on the butt consistency …”

“…Details of the instrument operation, standard curves, internal standards, and blanks can be found in the SI (Section S.4). Eight target chemicals were determined in our previous study based on criteria including if it can represent different groups of chemicals with specific structure, if its response area is abundant and repeatable, and if or not it is listed in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHC) list for tobacco products and tobacco smoke. However, three of the eight chemicals had high chamber background concentrations compared to their concentrations during cigarette butt emission period.…”

“…Five studies have measured the air emissions from cigarette butts into the headspace of test vials, but emission rates were not quantified. To our knowledge, only one study has quantified the airborne emission rates from cigarette butts . This study indicated that the 24‐hours emitted mass for nicotine from a non‐smoldering cigarette butt could be up to 15% of the emitted masses of nicotine from a burning cigarette reported in the literature.…”

“…This study indicated that the 24‐hours emitted mass for nicotine from a non‐smoldering cigarette butt could be up to 15% of the emitted masses of nicotine from a burning cigarette reported in the literature. However, the Poppendieck and Gong study was only a single experiment at 25°C. In addition, that study used chamber wall adsorption parameters for nicotine from the literature, potentially limiting the accuracy of the reported nicotine emission rates.…”