Measurement of apparent temperature in post-detonation fireballs using atomic emission spectroscopy

Lewis, William K.; Rumchik, Chad

doi:10.1063/1.3089251

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Many subsequent investigations using emission spectroscopy have utilized spectral features in the UV/visible/near-IR to interrogate the temporal dynamics [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. This region of the spectrum corresponds to electronic transitions of both atomic and molecular species, although we note that vibrational overtones and combination bands can be observed in the near-IR.…”

Section: Molecular Emission Spectroscopy In the Uv/visible/near-irmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large broadband emissions from particulates are also common. One consequence of all this is that the spectrum, while information-rich, can often be quite complex with multiple overlapping bands, large broadband emissions, and strong signals from trace impurities [14,[16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Molecular Emission Spectroscopy In the Uv/visible/near-irmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This complexity, combined with the presence of strong signals from impurities and broadband emissions can make interpretation of the spectrum difficult, particularly when the goal is to extract temperatures from the vibronic bands observed. An alternative approach that has been developed is to utilize atomic emissions for the temperature measurements [16][17][18][19][20], with the molecular emission bands optionally employed to simultaneously track chemical dynamics as described in Section 3.2.2. This approach for measuring temperatures can be employed even in the most congested and difficult-to-assign spectra since the atomic emissions are simply superimposed on top of the other spectral features.…”

Section: Atomic Emission Spectroscopy In the Uv/visible/near-irmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chief disadvantages of the method are the difficulty of the data analysis if temperatures are to be extracted, the care that must be taken to avoid confusing thermal and chemiluminescent emissions, and the fact that like all electronic emission spectroscopies, elevated temperatures are required. Temperatures in the vicinity of ~2000 K are generally required to generate strong emission signals [15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Molecular Emission Spectroscopy In the Uv/visible/near-irmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Time-Dependent Temperature Measurements in Post-Detonation Combustion: Current State-of-the-Art Methods and Emerging Technologies

Lewis¹,

Glumac²,

Yukihara³

2016

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)2 Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.Measurement of energy release and the kinetics of energy release are of fundamental and ongoing importance. The energy release processes associated with explosives are of particular interest to the defense community, but measurements are often made difficult by the fast timescales involved. For gram-scale explosive samples, detonation is typically completed within several microseconds. Subsequent afterburning of under-oxidized detonation products can then produce a fireball that persists for several milliseconds. Unfortunately, the timescales associated with these processes limit the measurement techniques that can be employed. The high temperatures and pressures involved in the explosion also limit measurement options since any sensors employed must be able to withstand the extreme environment, or at least transmit the required data before being destroyed.

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Section: Molecular Emission Spectroscopy In the Uv/visible/near-irmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Emission Spectroscopy In the Uv/visible/near-irmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Atomic Emission Spectroscopy In the Uv/visible/near-irmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Emission Spectroscopy In the Uv/visible/near-irmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Time-Dependent Temperature Measurements in Post-Detonation Combustion: Current State-of-the-Art Methods and Emerging Technologies

Lewis¹,

Glumac²,

Yukihara³

2016

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“…The environment in and around the fireball is surely one of the harshest environments on Earth, yet bioagents such as anthrax spores may trace complex paths through it to emerge unscathed 7 . While optical sensing techniques such as pyrometry 8 , atomic emission spectroscopy 9,10 , and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering 11 can determine temperature at a distance, these generally measure light emission from the chemical reaction itself rather than the temperature of the blast zone and surrounding objects. Direct contact sensors such as thermocouples that may survive the detonation are fixed in place, dependent on thermally-conductive wires, and too massive to register the full extent of a very rapid temperature excursion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoluminescent microparticle thermal history sensors

et al. 2016

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While there are innumerable devices that measure temperature, the nonvolatile measurement of thermal history is far more difficult, particularly for sensors embedded in extreme environments such as fires and explosions. In this review, an extensive analysis is given of one such technology: thermoluminescent microparticles. These are transparent dielectrics with a large distribution of trap states that can store charge carriers over very long periods of time. In their simplest form, the population of these traps is dictated by an Arrhenius expression, which is highly dependent on temperature. A particle with filled traps that is exposed to high temperatures over a short period of time will preferentially lose carriers in shallow traps. This depopulation leaves a signature on the particle luminescence, which can be used to determine the temperature and time of the thermal event. Particles are prepared-many months in advance of a test, if desired-by exposure to deep ultraviolet, X-ray, beta, or gamma radiation, which fills the traps with charge carriers. Luminescence can be extracted from one or more particles regardless of whether or not they are embedded in debris or other inert materials. Testing and analysis of the method is demonstrated using laboratory experiments with microheaters and high energy explosives in the field. It is shown that the thermoluminescent materials LiF:Mg,Ti, MgB 4 O 7 :Dy,Li, and CaSO 4 :Ce,Tb, among others, provide accurate measurements of temperature in the 200 to 500°C range in a variety of high-explosive environments.

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Quantitative Schlieren Measurement of Explosively‐Driven Shock Wave Density, Temperature, and Pressure Profiles

Tobin

Hargather

2016

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Shock waves produced from the detonation of laboratory‐scale explosive charges are characterized using high‐speed, quantitative schlieren imaging. This imaging allows the refractive index gradient field to be measured and converted to a density field using an Abel deconvolution. The density field is used in conjunction with simultaneous piezoelectric pressure measurements to determine the shock wave temperature decay profile. Alternatively, the shock wave pressure decay profile can be estimated by assuming the shape of the temperature decay. Results are presented for two explosive sources. The results demonstrate the ability to measure both temperature and pressure decay profiles optically for spherical shock waves that have detached from the driving explosion product gases.

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Measurement of apparent temperature in post-detonation fireballs using atomic emission spectroscopy

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Time-Dependent Temperature Measurements in Post-Detonation Combustion: Current State-of-the-Art Methods and Emerging Technologies

Time-Dependent Temperature Measurements in Post-Detonation Combustion: Current State-of-the-Art Methods and Emerging Technologies

Thermoluminescent microparticle thermal history sensors

Quantitative Schlieren Measurement of Explosively‐Driven Shock Wave Density, Temperature, and Pressure Profiles

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