Measurement of Aqueous Solubility of Hydrophobic Volatile Organic Compounds by Solute Vapor Absorption Technique:  Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Propylbenzene, and Butylbenzene at Temperatures from 273 K to 328 K

Abstract

An apparatus and procedure are described for measuring the aqueous solubility of hydrophobic volatile compounds. The method employs the solute vapor absorption technique (SVA) for preparation of the saturated solution followed by subsequent off-line HPLC analysis of the cosolvent adjusted aqueous solution. The method circumvents several drawbacks encountered with the traditional liquid-liquid batch contacting ("shake-flask") system and yields reproducible and precise results (3%). Correct performance of the method was demonstrated using benzene as a test solute. Using the method, aqueous solubilities of lower alkylbenzenes (toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, and butylbenzene) were determined in the temperature range from 273 K to 328 K. The results are compared with available literature information. An excellent agreement found for toluene gradually deteriorates for higher homologues, with the largest discrepancy occurring at the lowest temperatures. The lack of reliable information for a decisive conclusion at subambient temperatures appears to be rather general, calling for continued experimental effort.

Lab Testing and Field Implementation of Soil Flushing

“…The aqueous toluene solubility measured was 478 mg/L (23ºC), which is slightly lower than the range of 487~588 mg/L (at or close to 25ºC) reported in literatures (Brown and Wasik ,1974;Dohanyosova et al, 2001;Poulson et al, 1999;Yany et al,1997), possibly due to the temperature difference. The coefficients of variation from the replicates were generally less than 1% except for PCE solubilities in 10% and 20% ethyl lactate (13% error).…”

Determining the water solubility of difficult-to-test substances: A tutorial review

“…Methods have also been developed for solubility testing of volatile liquid chemicals. Sanemasa et al designed a saturated vapor method [44], which was later simplified by Dohányosová et al [45]. The water was saturated by bubbling an inert gas through the liquid test substance and then through the water (Figure 1).…”

Experimental and correlational study of phase equilibria in aqueous mixtures of phosphoric acid with aromatic hydrocarbons at various temperatures

“…The uncertainty in the mass fraction of the solubility data [33] was estimated to be better than ±0.0050. For verification of the applied method, the mutual binary solubility between water-ethyl benzene and water-isopropyl benzene (cumene) obtained in this work was compared with the literature values [34][35][36][37][38][39]. This comparison is given in the upper layer and that of water-rich phase from a sampling tap at the bottom of the cell.…”